Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in bothgrain and meat. However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward theworld average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the worldaverage, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound ofmeat. Therefore, since per capita incomecontinues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase,Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.
Which of the following is an assumption on which theargument depends?
(A) The total acreage devoted to grain production inGortland will soon decrease.
(B) Importing either grain or meat will not result in asignificantly higher percentage of Gortlanders' incomes being spent on foodthan is currently the case.
(C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland isincreasing at roughly the same rate across all income levels.
(D) The per capita income of meat producers in Gortlandis rising faster than the per capita income of grain producers.
(E) People in Gortland who increase their consumption ofmeat will not radically decrease their consumption of grain.
For years the beautiful Renaissance buildings in Palititohave been damaged by exhaust from the many tour buses that come to thecity. There has been little parkingspace, so most buses have idled at the curb during each stop on their tour, andidling produces as much exhaust as driving. The city has now provided parking that accommodates a third of the tourbuses, so damage to Palitito's buildings from the buses' exhaust will diminishsignificantly.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supportsthe argument?
(A) The exhaust from Palitito's few automobiles is not asignificant threat to Palitito's buildings.
(B) Palitito's Renaissance buildings are not threatenedby pollution other than engine exhaust.
(C) Tour buses typically spend less than one-quarter ofthe time they are in Palitito transporting passengers from one site to another.
(D) More tourists come to Palitito by tour bus than byany other single means of transportation.
(E) Some of the tour buses that are unable to findparking drive around Palitito while their passengers are visiting a site.
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in theNorth Pacific began to decline. Thereare two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease. Of these two, disease is the more likely,since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions isbelieved to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect thesecreatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakensthe reasoning?
(A)Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions butwill, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter populationat any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantialnumbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had beenrelatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the seaotters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are seaotters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lionscover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
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