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NO.1难度系数★★★
Statistics over four consecutive years showed that four percent more automobile accidents happened in California during the week following the switch to daylight saving time and during the week following the switch back to standard time than occurred the week before each event. These statistics show that these time changes adversely affect the alertness of California drivers.
The conclusion in the argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Drivers in California as well as those in the rest of the United States have similar driving patterns.
(B) The observed increases in accident rates are due almost entirely to an increase in the number of minor accidents.
(C) Four years is not a sufficiently long period of time over which to judge the phenomenon described.
(D) There are no other factors such as school vacations or holiday celebrations that cause accident rates to rise during these weeks.
(E) A time change at any other time of year would not produce a similar increase in accident rates.
NO.1解析：
正确答案为D。
P: 统→事故
C：时变→司机警觉
?：假设
这里“P”表示前提，“C”表示结论， “?”表示问题，“ ”表示上升，“统”“时变”“事故”“司机”“警觉”分别是“统计”“交通事故”“时间变化” “司机”“警觉力”是缩写，可以提醒自己所说的内容。这样逻辑就很清楚了。
解析：正确答案为D。本题是由一个statistics“转入夏令时与转回正常时间的一周中事故多了”，而得出解释性的结论“时制转换是原因”，思路要么是假设可行或有意义，要么除了假设以外没有其他原因。D指出没有其他引起事故发生增加的因素，所以符合了第二种思路，因此正确。A讨论的“the rest of the United States”为新概念;B的“minor accidents”也是新概念;C起到了反对作用;E主要错在“similar”这个词，所以其部分地反对了上述推理。
真题训练：Critical Reasoning
题目
Passengers must exit airplanes swiftly after accidents, since gases released following accidents are toxic to humans and often explode soon after being released. In order to prevent passenger deaths from gas inhalation, safety officials recommend that passengers be provided with smoke hoods that prevent inhalation of the gases.
Which of the following, if true, constitutes the strongest reason not to require implementation of the safety officials' recommendation?
选项
A. Test evacuations showed that putting on the smoke hoods added considerably to the overall time it took passengers to leave the cabin.
B. Some airlines are unwilling to buy the smoke hoods because they consider them to be prohibitively expensive.
C. Although the smoke hoods protect passengers from the toxic gases, they can do nothing to prevent the gases from igniting.
D. Some experienced flyers fail to pay attention to the safety instructions given on every commercial flight before takeoff.
E. In many airplane accidents, passengers who were able to reach emergency exits were overcome by toxic gases before they could exit the airplane.
答案：A
解释：
A strong reason for rejecting the recommendation would be that the hoods endanger passengers. Passengers delayed in exiting the plane are more exposed to the risk of a gas explosion. Choice A says that the hoods would delay passengers and is thus the best answer.
If some airlines are unwilling to buy the hoods, it might be necessary to require them to, so B is incorrect. That the hoods protect from only one major risk is no reason in itself for rejection, so C is not correct. That some passengers ignore safety instructions is also no reason for rejection, so D is incorrect. Choice E is not a good answer; it supports the recommendation by indication that the hoods might enable more passengers to exit a plane.