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雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section3 Task1
INTERVIEWER: We're pleased to welcome DrMartin Merrywhether of the Antarctic Centre inChristchurch,New Zealand who has come along totalk to us today the role of the Centre and theAntarctic Treaty.
INTERVIEWER: Now my first question is about thechoice of location for the centre.Why Christchurch?Was it because of the climate?
DPCTPR: Well actually New Zealand is the secondclosest country to Antarctica and Christchurch isoften used on Antarctic expeditions.
INTERVIEWER: Right,so it's because of where we are...coupled with our historical role.So tellus - what is the main purpose of the centre?
DPCTPR: Well...we have two complementary roles.One is as a scientific base for expeditionsand research and the other is as an information centre.
INTERVIEWER: Tell us something about the role as a scientific base.
DPCTPR: We're able to provide information about what scientists should take with them to theSouth Pole - for example,the centre contains a clothing warehouse where expeditions aresupplied with suitable clothing for the extreme conditions.
INTERVIEWER: I suppose you need a bit more than your normal winter coat!
DPCTPR: Yes,exactly and then there's also the specialist library and mapping services.
INTERVIEWER: Right.And which countries are actually located at the centre?
DPCTPR: Well... the centre houses research programmes for New Zealand,for The UnitedStates as well as for Italy...there's even a US post office at the American air forece base here.
INTERVIEWER: Really?And what does the visitor's centre offer?
DPCTPR: Well,since very few people will ever experience the Antarctic first hand,the visitors'centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica.There's a mock camp site where you cansee inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself sleeping there.And the centre also acts as ashowcase for the unique international co-operation which exists in Antarctica today.
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section3 Task2
INTERVIEWER: What is it actually like at the SouthPole?I know you've been there on a numer ofoccasions.
DPCTPR: Yes,I have and each time I'm struck by theawesome beauty of the place.It's magnificent butyou can really only visit it in the summer munths.
INTERVIEWER: October to March.
DPCTPR: Yes,because it's completely dark for fourmonths of the year...and in addition it has to be thecoldest place on earth.
INTERVIEWER: Colder than the North Pole?Why's that?
DPCTPR: Well,unlike the North Pole,which is actually a frozen sea,Antarctica is a land massshaped like a dome,with the result that the winds blow down the slopes at speeds of up to150km an hour and that's what makes it so cold.And one other interesting thing is thatAntarctica is the driest continent on earth,surprisingly,and so you have to drink large amountsof water when you're there.
INTERVIEWER: How old is Antarctica?
DPCTPR: We're pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but is broke away from the restof the continent 170 million years ago.
INTERVIEWER: How can you be certain of this?
DPCTPR: ...beacuse fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same asthose found in places such as Africa and Australia.
INTERVIEWER: Amazing...To think that it was once attached to Africa...
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section3 Task3
INTERVIEWER: Now let's just have a look at theAntarctic Treaty.How far back does the idea of aninternational treaty go?
DOCTOR: Well,as far back as the 19th century,wheneleven nations organised an international event.
INTERVIEWER: When was that exactly?
DPCTPR: In 1870.And it was called the PolarResearch Meeting.And then,not long after that,theyorganised something called the First InternationalPolar Year.
INTERVIEWER: And that took place when exactly?
DPCTPR: Over two years from 1882 to 1883.But it wasn't until the 1950s that the idea of aninternational treaty was proposed.And in 1959 the Treaty was actually signed.
INTERVIEWER: What do you see as the main achievements of the treaty?
DPCTPR: Well,firstly it means that the continent is reserved for peaceful use.
INTERVIEWER: That's Article 1,isn't it?
DPCTPR: Yes...
INTERVIEWER: That's important since the territory belongs to everyone.
DPCTPR: Yes but not as important as Article 5,which prohibits any nuclear explosions or wastedisposal.
INTERVIEWER: Which is marvellous.Well,I'm afraid we're going to have to stop there becauseI'm afraid we've run out of time.Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about thecentre and its work.
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section4 Task1
My topic is handedness - whether in different sportsit is better to be left - or right-sided or whether amore balanced approach is more successful.I'm left-handed myself and I actually didn't see anyrelevance to my own life when I happened to startreading an article by a sports psychologist calledPeter Matthews.He spent the first part of the articletalking about handedness in music instead ofsport,which I have to say almost put me off fromreading further.But what I soon became struck byeas the sheer volume of both observation andinvestigation he had done in many different sportsand I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.I think Matthews' findingswill be beneficial,not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side,but morethat they can helo them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game.Althoughmost trainers know how important handedness is,at present they are rather reluctant to makeuse of the insights scientists like Matthews can give,which I think is rather short-sightedbecause focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.
Anyway,back to the article.
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section4 Task2
Matthews found a German study which looked atwhat he called 'mixed-handedness',that is,thecapacity to use both left and right hands equally.Itlooked at mised-handedness in 40 musicians on avariety of instruments.Researchers examined anumber of variables,e.g. type of instrumentplayed,regularity of practice undertaken and lengthof time playing instrument...and found thefollowing:keyboard players had high levels of mixed-handedness,whereas string players like cellists andviolinists strongly favoured one hand.Also those whostarted younger were more mixed-handed.
Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes.Apes get a large proportion of their foodby 'fishing' ants from ant hills.The studies show that apes,like humans,show handedness-though for them right-and left-handedness is about equal,whereas about 85% of humans areright-handed.Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30%more ants than those varying between the two.
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section4 Task3
Matthews started researching several differentsports and found different types of handedness ineach.By the way,he uses 'handedness' to refer tothe dominant side for feet and eyes as well ashands.Anyway,his team measured the hand,feetand eyes of 2,611 players and found that there werereally three main types of laterality:mixed - you workequally well on both sides - both hand and eye;single- you tend to favour one side but both hand andeye favour the same side;and cross-laterality - aplayer's hands and eyes favour only one side butthey are opposite sides.Let's start withhockey.Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed - this is because a hockey stickmust be deployed in two directions - it would be a drawback to have hand or eye favouring oneside.
雅思剑桥7 Test2听力原文Section4 Task4
An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockeyplayers were significantly more confident that theirsingle-handed counterparts.Things are slightlydifferent in racket sports like tennis.Here theimportant thing is to have the dominant hand andeye on the one side.This means that there is abigger area of vision on the side where most of theaction occurs.If a player is cross lateral the racket isinvisible from the dominant eye for much of theswing.It mean that they can only make correctionsmuch later...and often the damage has been done bythen.
And moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements-gymnastics.It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.The predominant reason forthis is because it aids balance-which is of course absolutely central to performance in thissport.
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