Lecture1
6. What is the lecture mainly about?
A) Building techniques that were common in the ancient world
B) Evidence of several early attempts to build a pyramid
C) Possible answers to an ancient mystery
D) The history of the pyramids of Egypt
Answer: C
解析： (30’’)We know so many things about it, but the funny thing is, we still don’t know exactly how it was built. 首先，教授提出金字塔这个主题，然后说我们知道很多，但是，我们不知道它是如何被建造的。
(1’05’’) Of course there have been a lot of theories over the centuries. 当然，有许多理论。接着整篇文章都是在讲各个理论。
7. According to the professor, what is the main
argument against the theory that the stone blocks of the Great Pyramid were lifted into place with cranes?
A) Wooden cranes would have been too weak to lift the blocks.
B) There is no evidence of ancient Egyptians ever using cranes.
C) The use of cranes would have resulted in imprecise dimensions.
D) There would not have been enough room for a platform for the cranes.
Answer: D
解析：
(1’09’’) The oldest recorded one is by the Greek historian Herodotus. He visited Egypt around 450 B.C.E. when the pyramid was already two thousand years old. His theory was that cranes were used much like we use cranes today to construct tall buildings, seen Egyptians using cranes made of wood. 首先提出最老的一个理论，是由HERODOTUS这个人提出的，他认为古埃及人是用木头的起重机建造的金字塔。 (1’30’’) But the problem with this theory has to do with simple mechanics: a crane needs a wide and sturdy base to stand on or it will fall over. Well, as you get to the top of the pyramid, there’s really no place for a crane to stand. The stone blocks are too narrow to provide a base. 教授简单描述理论之后立刻提出转折，这个理论的问题就在于金字塔顶端没有地方可以给crane。
8. Why does the professor mention a mountain road?
A) To illustrate an alternative to a steep ramp
B) To emphasize the effort needed to move large stone blocks
C) To imply that progress on the Great Pyramid was slow
D) To describe the shape of the road leading to the Giza Plateau
Answer: A
解析： (1’50’’) The next one has to do with the use of a ramp that would allow workers to drag a stone block up the side of the structure. 另一个理论就是有关使用斜坡的理论。 (2’13’’) Well, the pyramid is built on a flat area called the Giza plateau. The plateau is simply not big enough to accommodate a two-kilometer long ramp. OK, so what now? 教授用well来引出这个理论的问题，即这个高原没有这么大来承载一个2公里的长坡。然后再以问题来引出答案。 (2’25’’) Well, if you’d ever driven on a mountain road, you know that it has a lot of twists and turns and bends in it because that’s how engineers keep the roads from having to be too steep. 教授再用well来引出话题，提出山路有很多转弯就是工程师来解决山坡太陡的问题。也就是用山坡的例子来说明如何处理坡太陡的难题。
9. Why does the professor talk about the accuracy of the proportions of the Great Pyramid?
A) To provide background on the principles of microgravimetry
B) To discount the possibility that a ramp once spiraled around outside of the pyramid
C) To explain the effectiveness of computer models of the pyramid
D) To emphasize the difficulty of building a ramp with the correct slope
Answer: B
解析： (2’35’’) So why not wrap the ramp around the pyramid, building a ramp around it as you go. Sounds like a pretty good idea except it’s got a serious problem. 讲完山路的问题之后，教授回到话题，表示用把斜坡环绕金字塔是否也行呢?后面跟着的词是重点，”sounds like” – 听起来似乎是，潜台词是”其实并非如此“。于是，教授后面说，See, one of the most remarkable things about the great pyramid is how accurate the proportions are. 其实教授说这句话就已经表达了“并非如此”的重要原因，即accurate proportion. 最后，教授还说了，Well, if you’ve got a ramp spiraling up from the base of the pyramid, those corners would be buried by that ramp during construction.因此，这是行不通的。
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