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But what they all had in common was: the government let them operate pretty much how they wanted to.
So why did they do that?
Why did the government keep such a low profile and allow individuals to gain so much control of the industries?
Well, obviously, they had the wealth and the power to influence political leaders.
But also, the truth is that these industry leaders made a significant contribution.
Their investments in technologies led to the development of many new production techniques, which strengthened the economy.
And many of them gave lots of money to charity, Andrew Carnegie was particularly admired for his generosity.
But there was one thing in particular that gave them power, and that’s, they were beneficiaries,
probably the biggest beneficiaries of a theory, a dominant political theory in the 19th century, something called laissez-faire doctrine.
Laissez-faire roughly means let it alone, and that pretty much summarized the theory’s philosophy.
但他们的共同点是：政府基本上都让他们按照自己的想法运营。
他们为什么这么做呢?
政府为什么如此低调，允许个人得到对各行业这么大的控制权呢?
显然，。
还有，事实是这些行业领袖做出了重要贡献。
他们在技术方面的投资带来了很多新的生产技术的发展，增强了经济。
而且他们中很多人都花了很多钱做慈善，Andrew Carnegie就因他的慷慨备受钦佩。
但有一件事尤其给他们带来了权力，那就是他们是受益者......
可能是一个理论的最大受益者，，叫做放任政策(laissez-faire doctrine)。
laissez-faire大约就是放任的意思，而那基本上就总结了这个理论的原则。
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