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Paragraph 5: An even more exciting find was reported in1994, also fromPakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("thewalking whale thatswam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. Itlived around 3 millionyears after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus.The fossil luckilyincludes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs werestrong and ended in longfeet very much like those of a modern pinniped. Thelegs were certainlyfunctional both on land and at sea. The whale retained atail and lacked a fluke,the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. Thestructure of the backboneshows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modernwhales by moving the rearportion of its body up and down, even though a flukewas missing. The large hindlegs were used for propulsion in water. Onland, where it probably bred and gavebirth, Ambulocetus may have moved aroundvery much like a modern sea lion. It wasundoubtedly a whale that linked lifeon land with life at sea.
10.Which of the sentences below best expresses theessential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways orleave out essential information.
A. Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up anddown, it did nothavea backbone.
B. The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim,provides evidenceof its missing fluke.
C. Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that itswam like modern whales.
D. By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down,modern whales swimin a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.
解析：
1. 阅读原句，理清逻辑和句子主要信息：The structureof the backbone show that Ambulocetus swamlike modern whales (by moving) even though a fluke was missing. 句子主要信息为：eventhough尽管它没有fluke，脊椎的结构表明A像现代鲸鱼一样游泳(通过上下移动身体后面部分)。其中由that引导的宾语从句，脊椎的结构表明它的游泳方式。
2. 分析选项，正确选项保证原文主要信息。
A. Even thoughAmbulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did nothave a backbone
B. The backboneof Ambulocetus, which…, provides evidence of its missingfluke.
C. Although Ambulocetushad no fluke, its backbone structure shows that itswam like modern whales.
D. By moving…,modern whales swim in a different way from the wayAmbulocetus swam.
例题中通过逻辑结构选取AC为备选项。
3. 句意相同，正确选项的主要信息与原文相符。A选项中说Ambulocetus没有脊椎，与原文不符。通过句意判断C选项与原文相符为正确答案。其中，B脊椎证实了Ambulocetus没有fluke，这是原文没有提到的内容。D现代鲸鱼和Ambulocetus的游泳方式不同，是与原文表述相反的错误选项。※阅读句子的要求：通过逻辑结构和句子的主干(主要包括句子主谓宾和定语从句)来抓住句子的主要信息。分对比原文与选项，也是通过抓住选项的主要信息来进行的。句子简化题考查我们分析长句主要信息的能力。句子简化的题频虽然不高，但是抓住句子主干(判定从句类型和作用)，分析句子逻辑这种能力对于其他题型，以及长难选项都是至关重要的。语言类的考察中，词汇是基础，词汇之上就是句子的分析能力了，因此句子简化的能力是非常重要的。
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常见逻辑连接词：
1. 转折：however, but, even though, even if, although, while,whereas, yet,despite, in spite of;
2. 因果：because, since，therefore,thus, hence;
3. 否定：none, never, deny, fail to, lack,refuse, merelyhardly,little,few;
4. 绝对词/最高级：all , only, maximum, the first/last/most/best/worst,minimum,top, peak，--est;
5. 条件：if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as;
6. 并列： and, also, or, neither……nor,either……or, not only……but also, as wellas, same……as;
7. 对比： while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but
解题方法总结如下：
1.阅读原句——理清句子逻辑结构，抓住句子主要信息。
2.分析选项——正确选项逻辑结构与原句相似。
3.句意相同——主要信息相符—细节尽量相符。
题干提炼：
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essentialinformation in thehighlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.
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