为了帮助大家熟悉
我们知道,托福的lecture中,除主旨题与重听题外,听力的文章顺序与出题顺序是正向对应关系,这对应着一项很重要的做题技巧,即在听文章时尽量做好文章的分段,在做选择时找出题目对应的是文章中的哪个段落,这样出现在其他语段中的内容自然成为错误选项。
而lecture类文章又大致分为两类,一类是课堂活跃型,老师和学生有来有回,提问回答不亦乐乎。而另一类则是课堂沉闷型,教授以自嗨的方式进行4-6分钟的演讲。对照我们之前提的文章分段,第一种课堂显然更利于我们做题,因为每一个提问和回答就会成为一道独立的问题,重点在于记录学生问了什么和教授回答的态度与细节。
而另一种自嗨型则较难应付,但其结构一定是具有一定的逻辑性的,首先我们来举个栗子:
以下是某度上搜到的小学生流水账作文,敬请诸君欣赏(如侵删)
星期天,妈妈带我去动物园玩。我的心情十分激动,希望星期天快些到来。
星期天,我一大早就起床了,洗脸刷牙后,从柜子里反复挑选出了一套满意的衣服,穿好了在镜子前照了好久,真漂亮呀!这时妈妈叫我吃早饭,我就赶紧到饭厅吃早饭去了。今天的早饭特别丰盛,我吃了一个鸡蛋,两块蛋糕,还喝了一杯牛奶。吃饱了饭,我们高高兴兴就出发了。
今天路上一点也不堵车,我们一会儿就到了动物园。妈妈买了票,我就高高兴兴地进去了。动物园里的动物可多了!我看了金丝猴、斑马、长颈鹿、老虎、狗熊„„数不胜数。其中最有意思的要数大熊猫了!熊猫最爱吃竹子了,一天可要吃很多竹子。当我们来到熊猫园时,大熊猫正在津津有味地吃着翠绿的竹子。它们吃得可真香啊!它可爱的样子吸引了我,我让妈妈帮我拍了很多大熊猫的照片。
中午我们吃了一顿丰富的午饭,下午又去海洋馆玩。海洋馆里也有许多动物,有许多动物我连名字都叫不上来。我们看完海豚表演就离开了海洋馆。
动物园的游玩真是太有趣了,我今天玩得很高兴!
所以Mr.小学生的这篇文章可以分为开门见山-打扮吃饭-动物园看熊猫-海洋馆看海豚-总结升华加感慨这几个语段,这其实就是我们托福听力文章的常见结构,而我们可以来看这样一道细节题
就算我们遗漏了熊猫这个细节,但其他的选项的关键词(早饭、海豚)都不属于动物园看熊猫这个语段,自然可以排除。
有的同学会说辣么这篇文章换成英文我又懵逼了怎么办,接下来我们来看几种在 tpo 中对这类文章进行语段分割的技巧
通过first, next/another, finally等
逻辑连接词进行分割
栗子:
To be a successful replicator, there are three key characteristics: longevity, fecundity and fidelity.
First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied…
Next, fecundity. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers…
And finally, fidelity. Fidelity means accuracy of the copying process…
这种文章结构是我们最愿意看到的,即总-分形式,最开始就说明三个characteristics并且分割各语段的信号词(first,next,finally)都不难听到。这三个characteristics都独立对应一道问题,跨语段出现的选项当然就摒弃掉啦。
关键词now,ok
这两个词我们可以自动把它们换成中文的“下面…”,教授在说now或ok时已经准备好来唠一唠另一个观点或理论了。让我们来看tpo7中的一个例子
now,Last time, we started to talk about glaciers… But how they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining.
Now, the first type of glacier flow is called: basal slip. Basal slip or sliding as it’s often called, basically refers to…
Now the next type of movement we will talk about is called: deformation. You’ve already known that ice is brittle, if you…
Now, there are a couple of factors that affect the amount of deformation that takes place or the speed of the glacier’s movement for example. Deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ice is, because …
Ok, um… Now, I’d like to touch briefly on extension and compression. Your textbook includes…
Now, as you probably know, glaciers generally move really slowly…
这篇冰川的文章虽然教授口音感人,但我们可以通过听now或ok这个技巧清楚地对文章段落进行分解,可以看到冰川移动的几种猜想被now或ok一一分开,各自按顺序对应题目。
新提出的人名,引用或是实验独立成为一道题
文章中新出现的一位哥们儿或者姐们儿,教授从某本书或期刊引出的某段话,研究者(researcher, scientist)做的实验或成果(study, research, report)极大可能会单独对应一道问题。
栗子:
Now, it’s worth noting that people who designed homes at that time probably had to deal with a certain amount of discouragement. Since there were other architects who thought it was more respectable to design the kind of buildings…and maybe other structures…that were less…less utilitarian in their function. In fact, an article from an 1876 issue of a journal called The American Architect and Building News stated that, and this is a quote, they stated that “the planning of houses isn’t architecture at all”!
文章后的第二题为“why does the professor quote from the journal The American Architect and Building New?”就考查了对该journal引用的目的,是为了说明房屋设计在当时并没有得到足够的尊重。
以上就是小编为你带来的托福听力文章结构分解的几种方式,更多精彩敬请关注网!