小编为广大
英文标题：Maya Civilization
Listen to part of a lecture in an archeology class. The professor has been discussing ancient Mayan civilization.
Professor: Now, as you remember from your reading, the Maya were an ancient civilization which occupied in area corresponding to parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America. Early Mayan settlements date back over 3,000 years and say from about 600 to 900 C.E. The civilization was in what’s considered a golden age of cultural achievement, what we call the Classic period.
The period after this, after the Classic Period, is called the Postclassic period. Now it’s long been thought that during the Post Classic period, Mayan civilization was in decline. But we’re continuing to find new evidence that in certain areas Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of the Postclassic period, what we refer to as the late Postclassic period. The late Postclassic corresponds to the period from the 1200s to 1500s, right until the arrival of the Spanish in the mid-1500s. A good example of a site which continued to flourish through the late Postclassic is the inland Mayan community of Lamanai, located in what is today the country of Belize in Central America. Now, Lamanai is one of the largest and most prominent archeological sites in Belize. It was occupied for over 3000 years. That makes it the longest continually-occupied site by the ancient Maya. Large-scale excavation at Lamanai began back in 1974 under the leadership of a Canadian archeologist. The first excavation there was on a building that dated back to the late Postclassic period. When the excavation began, we didn’t know much about Mayan life during that time. As I said, most people considered the Postclassic period as a time of decline that came after the so-called golden era. But during the first few years of excavation, the archeological team realized that Lamanai had continued to be an important center of classic Mayan culture, almost right up until the 1500s.
Student: So basically, what you are saying is while other Mayan cities were collapsing or had already collapsed, Lamanai was one of those places that was flourishing?
Professor: Uh huh…exactly! In fact, the evidence shows that one of the greatest periods of construction in the city occurred during the Postclassic. That’s definitely not what was happening at neighboring sites during that time. And consider this, archeologists found ceramic artifacts from Lamanai’s late Postclassic period at a recently-discovered site on an island off the coast of Belize. And in Lamanai they found objects that had been imported from parts of the region which correspond to modern-day Mexico during the late Postclassic. What did those finds tell us?
Female student: eh…the trade was still going on? So you probably still find the same Mayan social structure and economic practices, right?
Professor: Yes. Now, these researchers and subsequent research teams have been helping us see a bigger picture. We now know that there was still a widespread trading network up and down a long portion of the coast of what is modern-day Mexico and Central America for more than two centuries after the golden era ended. Those finds are telling.
Female student: How big is Lamanai overall?
Professor: Well, in all, 700 stone structures have been documented. It takes several life times and lots of funding to uncover all of them. Ok, if that’s not a helpful mental picture…all right here’s another detail that might help. There was once a population between 35 and 55 thousand there. The southernmost end of Lamanai had become the city center by the Postclassic period. It was there at the southern end that people continued to develop technological capabilities, especially in ceramics and eventually in metal work. The center of Lamanai society had previously been in the northern part of the city. We’re not yet sure why the focus of life shifted southward only that it did.
Female student: Was the former center, the one in the north smaller than the new one in the south? Like maybe the population grew so they needed more room and moved?
Professor: Actually, the new city center was smaller. It’s possible that’s because the population had decreased by that point so they actually needed less room. In any case, the restructured community thrived.
TPO 52 托福听力Lecture 4题目
12. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To familiarize students with the Mayan civilization in the Classic Period
B. To prepare students for an archaeology project about the Mayan civilization
C. To provide evidence for a point made in a previous class about the Mayan civilization
D. To call into question a common view about the decline of ancient Mayan civilization
13. Why does the professor discuss Lamanai in detail?
A. To present findings about one Mayan settlement from the Postclassic period
B. To describe the physical layout of the first Mayan settlements in Central America
C. To criticize the excavation methods used there during the 1970s
D. To note how the size of a typical Mayan settlement varied throughout its history
14. What is one of the features that gives Lamanai special archaeological significance?
A. It was the first Mayan site in Belize to be excavated in modern times.
B. It was occupied by two distinct cultural groups during the Classic period.
C. It was continuously occupied by the Maya longer than any other site.
D. It had an economic structure that was distinct from that of other Mayan cities.
15. Why does the professor say that it would require “lots of funding” to uncover the stone structures that she discusses?
A. Because there are so many of them
B. Because very few archaeologists are given access to them
C. Because they are located on so many different islands
D. Because of difficult weather conditions in the region
16. According to the professor, what can be inferred from the ceramic artifacts found on the island?
A. The island was the source of most of the pottery used at Lamanai.
B. Much of Lamanai's population relocated to the island during the Postclassic period.
C. The Mayan trading network remained strong during the Postclassic period.
D. The Maya developed new technological capabilities on the island.
重听题：17.Why does the student say this:
A. To request that the professor repeat the point she just made
B. To express his doubt about the period of time being discussed
C. To disagree with the professor's interpretation of the evidence about Lamanai
D. To find out if he correctly understands the professor's point
TPO 52 托福听力Lecture 4答案解析
Q1答案：D
解析：此题原文中出处是：The period after this, after the Classic Period, is called the Postclassic period. Now it’s long been thought that during the PostClassic period, Mayan civilization was in decline. But we’re continuing to find new evidence that in certain areas Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of the Postclassic period, what we refer to as the late Postclassic period.
本题是内容主旨题，问的是讲座的主要内容。尽管在开头是教授介绍了玛雅文化的黄金时期，但是随后话锋一转，说道现在有考古证据不断被发现，证明后古典时期(Postclassic Period)有些地区也在不断繁荣发展。本篇之后的内容也是通过举出Lamanai这个典型的例子证明后古典时期的繁荣发展是有实际证据可言的，并非空口无凭。所以正确答案是D：对古玛雅文明衰落的传统观点提出质疑。
A选项错误。教授并未想通过本篇讲座让学生了解古典时期。本文论述的重点时期是后古典时期。
B选项错误。本讲座只是介绍玛雅文明的某一个时期，并未出现考古项目的相关内容。
C选项错误。教授在讲座中并未提到上节课内容之类的信息。本选项纯属无中生有。
Q2答案：A
解析：此题原文中出处是：But we’re continuing to find new evidence that in certain areas Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of the Postclassic period, what we refer to as the late Postclassic period. The late Postclassic corresponds to the period from the 1200s to 1500s, right until the arrival of the Spanish in the mid-1500s. A good example of a site which continued to flourish through the late Postclassic is the inland Mayan community of Lamanai, located in what is today the country of Belize in Central America.
本题是目的题，问教授为何要特别提及Lamanai。Lamanai在这里是教授举出的一个例子，一般的目的往往是和前文有关。之前教授提到新证据不断被发现，证明在后古典时期一些玛雅文明的地区它们一直在繁荣发展。后文就紧跟Lamanai的例子。显而易见，教授是想为繁荣发展这个观点提出具体的例子证明。因此，正确答案选A：给出后古典时期玛雅文明某一聚居处的一些发现。
B选项错误。讲座并未提到Lamanai是玛雅文明的第一个聚居。而整体布局是在讲座快结尾时出现的，和这里所问问题关联不大。
C选项错误。本讲座并未出现对考古学家们的挖掘方法提出批评的相关内容。
D选项错误。Lamanai这座城市大小的变化过程是在讲座结尾才出现的，和这里的关系并不大。
Q3答案：C
解析：此题原文中出处是：It was occupied for over 3000 years. That makes it the longest continually-occupied site by the ancient Maya.
这道题目是细节题，考察学生对细节的记忆能力。本提问Lamanai这个地方最大的一个考古特点是什么?讲座中教授提到Lamanai这个地方已经有300多年的历史，它是古玛雅文明被持续占领的时间最长的地方。所以正确答案选是C：它比玛雅文明其他地方被占领的时间都要长。
选项A错误。讲座中没有说Lamanai是第一个被开采挖掘的城市。只是提到在Lamanai进行的首次挖掘工作是针对一座古建筑的。
选项B错误。文中并未提到古典文化时代两个不同的文化群体的相关信息。
选项D错误。文中的确提到了经济结构，但是并未提到Lamanai的经济结构和其他地方不同之处。
Q4答案：A
解析：此题原文中出处是：Female student: How big is Lamanai overall?
Professor: Well, in all, 700 stone structures have been documented. It takes several life times and lots of funding to uncover all of them.
本题是目的题。题目问教授为何会说需要很多的“资金”来挖掘这些石雕。目的题需要向前面去寻找相关信息。前文中，学生问Lamanai这个地方总共多大?教授未做正面回答，却说在Lamanai有700座石雕被记录下来。要把这些石雕全部挖掘完需要好几辈子的时间和很多的钱。换而言之，教授的言外之意是Lamanai这个地方非常大，石雕的数量非常多。因此，她才说了后面需要大量时间和金钱进行挖掘的话。正确答案是A。
选项B错误。无中生有，原文并未提到几乎没有考古学家能够接触到石雕的信息。
选项C错误。错误信息。讲座中在提到贸易网络时，提到在Lamanai发现了从周围岛屿进口的陶瓷器。但是并未说石雕是从其他周围的岛屿上发现的。
选项D错误。讲座根本没有提到关于天气状况的信息。属于无中生有。
Q5答案：C
解析：此题原文中出处是：
Professor: And consider this, archeologists found ceramic artifacts from Lamanai’s late Postclassic period at a recently-discovered site on an island off the coast of Belize. And in Lamanai they found objects that had been imported from parts of the region which correspond to modern-day Mexico during the late Postclassic. What did those finds tell us?
Female student: eh…the trade was still going on? So you probably still find the same Mayan social structure and economic practices, right?
此题是推断题。题目问人们能够从岛上发现的Lamanai的陶瓷器上推断出什么?讲座中提到在Lamanai附近的一座岛上发现了Lanamai出产的陶瓷器。而在Lamanai又发现了从附近其他区域进口的物品。由此可见当时在Lamanai和附近的区域之间存在着贸易往来。正确答案选C，玛雅文明在后古典时期的商业交易依旧非常活跃。
选项A错误。其意思和讲座的意思正好表达相反。应该为岛上所用的陶瓷器的来源是Lamanai。而A选项却说Lamanai所用的陶瓷器来源是附近的岛屿。
选项B错误。从原有信息并不能推断出在后古典时期Lamanai的大部分人口都迁居到了岛上。
选项D错误。从原有信息也不能推断出后古典时期的玛雅人发展出了新的科学技术。
Q6答案：D
解析：此题原文中出处是：As I said, most people considered the Postclassic period as a time of decline that came after the so-called golden era. But during the first few years of excavation, the archeological team realized that Lamanai had continued to be an important center of classic Mayan culture, almost right up until the 1500s.
Student: So basically, what you are saying is while other Mayan cities were collapsing or had already collapsed, Lamanai was one of those places that was flourishing?
本题是重听题，需要根据学员的语气，判断其说话的真实意图。上文教授在反复强调一个重要信息：尽管后古典时期玛雅文明的其他城市可能已经衰落，但Lamanai依旧繁荣发展。后面学员对教授之前的信息做了一个总结，确认下之前的信息。正确答案是D。
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