冷毅是谁？国内托福听力冷毅一步一步教你搞定托福听力之知识预热和试题演练！
老师背景介绍：
国内托福听力、SAT语法教学权威，2006-2011年任职于新东方教育科技集团，前大连新东方国外考试部主任，原新东方集团托福、SAT品牌教师，美国本科留学指导专家，主要研究托福及雅思的听口部分、SAT和GMAT的语法写作部分等，7年考试培训及指导经验，200余场全国讲座，培训学员多达50000人次;培养学员遍及哈佛大学、斯坦福大学、杜克大学、哥伦比亚大学及牛津大学等国际顶级大学。国际认证高级翻译师。
主讲内容：托福听力，
接下来就一步一步来领略今天的课程内容吧~
生命科学——动物行为TPO4 Lecture1
Pre-listening
.知识预热
Displacement activities occur when an animal experiences high motivation for two or more conflicting behaviors: the resulting displacement activity is usually unrelated to the competing motivations. Birds, for example, may peck at grass when uncertain whether to attack or flee from an opponent; similarly, a human may scratch his or her head when they do not know which of two options to choose. Displacement activities may
also occur when animals are prevented from performing a single behavior for which they are highly motivated. Displacement activities often involve actions which bring comfort to the animal such as scratching, preening, drinking or feeding.
First-listening
试题演练
1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.
C. Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
D. Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
【解题要点】：主旨题必须要包含本文的核心词或核心词的同义改写
2. Indicate whether each of the activities below describes a displacement activity.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
| Yes | No |
An animal attacks the ground instead of its enemy. | | |
An animal falls asleep in the middle of a mating ritual. | | |
An animal eats some food when confronted by it enemy. | | |
An animal takes a drink of water after grooming itself. | | |
【解题要点】：师生互动处为常见的托福出题点
3. What does the professor say about disinhibition?
A. It can prevent displacement activities from occurring.
B. It can cause animals to act on more than one drive at a time.
C. It is not useful for explaining many types of displacement activities.
D. It is responsible for the appearance of seemingly irrelevant behavior.
【解题要点】：机考屏幕上出现了学科词汇并且教授给予详细讲解处必考
4. According to the lecture, what is one possible reason that displacement activities are often grooming behaviors?
A. Grooming may cause an enemy or predator to be confused.
B. Grooming is a convenient and accessible behavior.
C. Grooming often occurs before eating and drinking.
D. Grooming is a common social activity.
【解题要点】：师生互动处为常见的托福出题点
5. Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?
A. To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.
B. To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming
C. To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.
D. To five an example of a n animal that does not display displacement activities.
【解题要点】：出现举例处多会考察目的类题目
6. Replay: What does the professor mean when she says this?
A. She is impressed by how much the student knows about redirecting.
B. She thinks it is time to move on to the next part of this lectures.
C. The student’s answer is not an example of a displacement activity.
D. The student should suggest a different animal behavior to discuss next.
【解题要点】：某一句话的隐含态度是复听题的重要考点
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