小编整天为广大考生们整理的是关于
[Listening]
Conversation 1
1. Why does the student go to see the professor?
A. To get his opinion about why a project she recently completed had unexpected results.
B. To discuss how a topic covered in class is similar to her group’s research topic.
C. To ask him for suggestions to address a problem in her research.
D. To discuss the professor’s concern about her group’s research project.
2. In response to the professor’s question, what does the woman say about Tom and Jane?
A. They are working on an assignment for another class.
B. They are already observing students for the research project.
C. They are dealing with a technical issue at the library.
D. They are making arrangements at the library for their research project.
3. What had the group of students planned to research?
A. The effect of noise on the productivity of library employees.
B. The effect of changing the amount of light in the library.
C. The study habits of students in the library.
D. The effect that being observed while studying has on students.
4. Why does the professor mention lighting?
A. To explain why production costs gradually increased over the years at a manufacturing plant
B. To give a reason for a decline in productivity at two manufacturing plants
C. To compare the working conditions at two manufacturing plants
D. To give an example of a working condition that was adjusted at a manufacturing plant
5. Why does the student say this?
A. She is disappointed with the observations that the members of her group have made so far.
B. She does not understand the point that the professor is making.
C. She wants to determine a way for her group to make observations in secret.
D. She is aware that her group’s presence might affect student behavior.
Listen to a conversation between a student and her sociology professor.
Professor: I’m glad you got my message and were able to make it but where are the other members of your group? Tom and Jane?
Student: They’re actually at the library. They have a biology lab assignment that’s due later this afternoon so I’m here to represent the whole group. But when we got your email message about being worried about our research project, we were a little confused. We thought you were excited about our idea for the project.
Professor: Well, I think it’s a great research topic but when I looked closely at your plan for accomplishing the research, I realized that your group is probably asking for some trouble.
Student: What do you mean? I thought that, you know, by monitoring students’ studying in the library, we could really get a good understanding of people’s study habits and stuff.
Professor: The thing is I think you might have a problem because of the Hawthorne effect.
Student: The Hawthorne effect?
Professor: The Hawthorne effect is a technical term for when researchers more or less forget about a specific variable, the variable of the researchers themselves. Now, the students in the library, they’re going to know that you’re observing them, right? So you have to consider the effect your very presence will have on the people you’re observing.
Student: But, so you think… I mean, it’s not like our observations would be a secret. The students would know exactly what we’d be doing. I mean, we’d put up a sign right outside the library.
Professor: Yes, but that’s just it. When people know they’re being watched, they act differently. Let me explain how the Hawthorne effect got its name and well, you’ll get the idea. See, there was a manufacturing facility called the Hawthorne plant. And researchers conducted some experiments there to see what conditions made workers the most productive.
Student: What sort of conditions?
Professor: Well, one thing they experimented with was the lights. Were workers more productive with bright lights or dim lights? Well, here’s the thing. Whatever the researchers did, the workers’ productivity increased. When the lighting was improved, productivity went up. When the lighting was dimmed, productivity went up again.
Student: That doesn’t make a lot of sense.
Professor: Exactly! So initially, the experiment was considered a failure. But then, the researchers realized that their own presence had affected the workers’ productivity. The workers knew that the researchers were watching them. And with so much attention on them, the workers felt compelled to work harder.
Student: Oh, I guess that really could be an issue with my group’s research.
Professor: Yes, but I don’t want to send you all back to square one. So how about you set up a meeting with your group members and discuss this, then we can meet again and go over your ideas. And I think that we should be able to figure out a way to get around the problem.
Conversation1
1. Why does the student go to see the professor?
A. To get his opinion about why a project she recently completed had unexpected results
B. To discuss how a topic covered in class is similar to her group's research topic
C. To ask him for suggestions to address a problem in her research
D. To discuss the professor’s concern about her group’s research project
Q1
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Professor: I’m glad you got my message and were able to make it…?
Student: They’re …But when we got your email message about being worried about our research project, we were a little confused.
解析：学生找到教授，主要是为了讨论教授邮件中提到的项目可能存在的问题。而且教授一开始也提到，很高兴学生收到邮件并前来讨论，是教授通知学生来的。
2. In response to the professor’s question, what does the woman say about Tom and Jane?
A. They are working on an assignment for another class.
B. They are already observing students for the research project.
C. They are dealing with a technical issue at the library.
D. They are making arrangements at the library for their research project.
Q2
正确答案：A
定位原文：
Student: They’re actually at the library. They have a biology lab assignment that’s due later this afternoon so I’m here to represent the whole group.
解析：女学生解释，因为另外两个小伙伴还有当天下午就要交的生物实验报告要完成，所以就只有她一个人代表整个小组来找教授讨论。
3. What had the group of students planned to research?
A. The effect of noise on the productivity of library employees
B. The effect of changing the amount of light in the library
C. The study habits of students in the library
D. The effect that being observed while studying has on students
Q3
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Student: What do you mean? I thought that, you know, by monitoring students’ studying in the library, we could really get a good understanding of people’s study habits and stuff.
解析：学生在听到教授说他们probably asking for some trouble之后，非常不理解，这时候提出了自己的疑问，重新阐述了项目的目的，是准备观察学生在图书馆的行为，以了解在图书馆的学生的学习习惯之类的。
4. Why does the professor mention lighting?
A. To explain why production costs gradually increased over the years at a manufacturing plant
B. To give a reason for a decline in productivity at two manufacturing plants
C. To compare the working conditions at two manufacturing plants
D. To give an example of a working condition that was adjusted at a manufacturing plant
Q4
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Professor: Yes, …how the Hawthorne effect got its name and well, you’ll get the idea. See, there was a manufacturing facility called the Hawthorne plant… compelled to work harder.
解析：定位篇幅比较长，其实教授举整个例子是为了帮助女学生更好地理解什么是Hawthorne effect。在这个叫Hawthorne工厂的例子中，教授提到光线强弱对生产力的影响的实验，结果发现无论增强或者减弱工作环境的灯光，员工效率都提高。所以光线属于工作环境的一部分，用来探究环境对员工的影响，只是发生一个工厂内，也不涉及生产成本的问题，所以其余三个选项都不对。
5. Why does the student say this?
A. She is disappointed with the observations that the members of her group have made so far.
B. She does not understand the point that the professor is making.
C. She wants to determine a way for her group to make observations in secret.
D. She is aware that her group’s presence might affect student behavior.
Q5
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Student: But, so you think… I mean, it’s not like our observations would be a secret. The students would know exactly what we’d be doing.
解析：教授前面说，你得考虑到你们的出现会对你们观察的人产生的影响，学生的言下之意是：是啊，我觉得老师你说的这个我觉得我好像理解，但是我们的这个observations本来就不是什么秘密，(被观察的)学生们都会知道我们在干嘛，我们还在图书馆外立了个通知。然后教授说，对，问题就在这儿。到此为止，其实学生还是没有明白老师所指的effect是对得不到客观真实实验结果的影响，而错误地理解为本身这个事对students的影响。其实也是教授举例之后，到最后她才真正理解教授的意思。所以选B不选D。
另外有一则好消息，针对托福备考，