为了帮助同学们更多顺利备考，tpo44听力答案及解析Lecture3，想要获得托福TPO听力原文以及相关音频资料，请大家提供手机号来网下载吧!希望对你们备考有帮助。
Lecture 3
1. What is the lecture mainly about? 【内容主旨题】
A. The spread of early agricultural methods from New Guinea to other cultures.
B. Differences in the types of crops grown in early centers of agriculture.
C. Evidence supporting the theory that agriculture developed independently in New Guinea.
D. Techniques used by researchers to identify farming methods in the earliest centers of agriculture.
答案：C
破题关键词汇：
解析： (从30秒开始，原文重现：Now, for many years archaeologists have speculated that agriculture also arose independently in another center, too—New Guinea, which is just north of Australia, in the South Pacific Ocean. You can see it on this map.)
教授开篇指出之前讲的早期文明是如何发展的，接着提出考古学家推测农业也在其他地方独立出现New Guinea,在澳洲的北部，南太平洋，接下去都是围绕着此观点展开。选项A中early agriculture methods早期的农耕方式是之前讨论的;选项B作物生长方式的不同在原文中并未被提及;选项C用证据证明农业独立在New Guinea发展的理论，与原文意思相符;选项D中farming methods在原文中并未被提及。
2. According to the professor, why was the archaeological evidence found in New Guinea during the 1960s and 1970s inconclusive? Click on 2 answers. 【细节题】
A Construction of agricultural drainage ditches had damaged much of the archaeological evidence.
B Plant remains were not well preserved in the climate of New Guinea.
C Ancient types of domestic plants were no longer grown by modern farmers.
D It was unclear whether evidence of early deforestation suggested planting or hunting.
答案：BD
破题关键词汇：1960S and 1970s, inconclusive
解析： (从1:05秒开始，原文重现：Then in the 1960s and 70s, research was conducted at sites in New Guinea to explore the possibility of independent agricultural development. But unfortunately, the evidence gathered at that time was inconclusive.
For instance, although evidence was found of deforestation, you know, cutting down trees, from at least 7,000 years ago, that is long before we'd thought previously. It was unclear whether the forest had been cleared by farmers to plant fields, or by hunter- gatherers, so they could hunt more easily. And many plant remains like seeds and fruits don't preserve well in swampy soils, in humid environments like you often find in New Guinea. So really, the proof was limited.)
通过关键词很容易可以定位答案出现的位置，通过For instance, 可知早期的森林退化，不确定是否被农户或狩猎者清理，并且很多保存的种子和果实在湿地里不能很好的保存。选项A中的drainage ditches排水沟在原文中并没有被提及;选项B由于New Guinea的气候作物不会很好的保存，与原文的细节一致;选项C中的古代domestic plants当地作物的种类不在被如今的农户所种植，原文中并未提及此细节;选项D不确定是否早期的森林退化会显示种植或狩猎，与原文细节信息一致。
3. Why does the professor talk about layers of soil? 【组织结构题】
A. To show how phases of agricultural development were linked to evidence of population growth. B. To describe how researchers identified several phases of agricultural development in New Guinea.
C. To illustrate how swampy conditions cause archaeological remains to deteriorate.
D. To describe one of the methods of farming used at Kuk.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：layers of soil
解析： (从2:10秒开始，原文重现：Based on their findings, they identified a succession of phases of agricultural development in the wetlands there, with several of these phases predating the earliest known agricultural influence from Southeast Asia. At the site in Kuk, they used an array of modern archaeological methods to analyze sediment samples from the soil…The second phase, which they identify from a higher layer of soil, featured regularly distributed mounds…And in the layers from Kuk's third phase, they found evidence of an extensive network of ditches and drainage channels, indicating a further refinement of wetland cultivation.)
教授先阐述观点，在用三个不同层次的土壤分别含有的物质的例子进行证明。选项A中的population growth人口增长在原文中并没有提及与之相关的信息;选项B为了描述研究者如何证明在New Guinea不同阶段的农业发展, 与教授用三个不同层次的土壤所发现的物质所证明的信息相符;选项C中swampy conditions只是其中一层土壤的细节信息;选项D在Kuk用的一种农耕方式，只是其中的一个细节信息。
4. Why did researchers conclude that the taro remains found near Kuk were a result of farming? 【细节题】
A. Taro does not grow wild in highland areas.
B. Taro is a native plant of China.
C. Taro was only found in a very small area near Kuk.
D. Taro normally does not grow in wet climates.
答案：A
破题关键词汇：taro
解析： (从3：57秒开始，原文重现： Finding the taro remains were very important, because it meant that it must have been planted there, brought from the lowlands, because taro doesn't grow naturally in the highlands.)
原文提到taro芋头的发现非常重要，因为意味着它已经种下了，来自于低洼，因为taro不能自然地在高地生长。选项A中taro不能再高地区域野生生长，与原文信息一致;选项B中提到的China在原文中并未被提及;选项C中taro仅在Kuk附近一小片区域被发现，在原文中未被提及;选项D中wet climates潮湿的气候在原文中未被提及，原文讨论的是高或低的地方。
5. What evidence indicated that bananas were being cultivated in New Guinea during an earlier period than was previously thought? Click on 3 answers. 【细节题】
A High concentrations of fossil remains of bananas.
B The discovery of stone tools designed to harvest bananas.
C The presence of regularly distributed mounds.
D Indications that Kuk did not become a swampy wetland until approximately 7,000 years ago.
E Genetic analyses of banana remains in New Guinea and Southeast Asia.
答案：ACE
破题关键词汇：banana
解析： (从4:08秒开始，原文重现： And as for the bananas, researchers also found a high percentage of fossils from banana plants in sediment samples dating from about 7,000 years ago, proof the bananas were deliberately planted, because where bananas grow naturally the concentration of the plant fossils is lower. Bananas don't naturally grow so densely. As a matter of fact, recent genetic research, genetic comparisons of banana species, suggests that the type of banana grown in New Guinea was domesticated there and then brought to Southeast Asia.)
原文中提到研究者发现来自于香蕉的大部分化石可追溯到7000年前，可以证明香蕉是有意地被种植，自然生长的香蕉形成的化石堆比较低。香蕉不会如此密集地生长，事实上通过香蕉物种的基因对比，可以证明在New Guinea的香蕉是本地产的并被传到东南亚。选项A中化石中保存的香蕉与原文信息一致;选项B中stone tools收割香蕉，在原文中并未被提及;选项C中定期地生长会形成堆，与原文信息相符;选项D中的Kuk在7000年前是不是swampy wetland与原文信息不符;选项E中提到的对New Guinea和东南亚的香蕉进行基因分析与原文信息相符。
6. What point does the professor make about the theory that agriculture brings about social change? 【细节题】
A. Recent research has yielded unexpected evidence supporting the theory.
B. The theory seems to be contradicted by the development of society in New Guinea.
C. Future discoveries in Kuk are likely to provide definitive proof for the theory.
D. The theory explains why New Guinea has become an egalitarian society.
答案：B
破题关键词汇：social change
解析： (从4:50秒开始，原文重现： Well, usually, we expect to see that certain social changes are brought about by the development of agriculture, structural changes in the society like rapid population growth, different social classes. But New Guinea, it's largely unchanged. It's remained an egalitarian and rural society, so what does that tell us about the usual assumption?)
原文中教授说通常我们期望看到某些社会变化是由迅速增长地人口，不同的社会阶级所导致的，但是New Guinea则很大程度上没有变化，它还是保留着平等和原始的社会。选项A中unexpected evidence在原文中无体现;选项B中提到New Guinea的社会发展与通常的理论所相悖，与原文信息相符。