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1.OK. In the last class we talked about the classification of trees, and we ended up with a basic description of angiosperms. You remember that those are plants with true flowers and seeds that develop inside fruits. The common broadleaf trees we have on campus fall into this category, but our pines don't. Now, I hope you all followed my advice and wore comfortable shoes because, as I said, today we're going to do a little field study. To get started, let me describe a couple of the broadleaf trees we have in front of us. I'm sure you've all noticed this big tree next to Brant Hall. It's a black walnut that must be 80 feet tall. As a matter of fact, there's a plaque identifying it as the tallest black walnut in the state. And from here we can see the beautiful archway of trees at the Commons. They're American elms. The ones along the Commons were planted when the college was founded 120 years ago. They have the distinctive dark green leaves that look lopsided because the two sides of the leaf are unequal. I want you to notice the elm right outside Jackson Hall. Some of its leaves have withered and turned yellow, maybe due to Dutch elm disease. Only a few branches seem affected so far, but if this tree is sick, it'll have to be cut down. Well, let's move on and I'll describe what we see as we go.
【生词摘录】
1. classification: n. [C]分类
2. angiosperm: n. [C]被子植物
3. broadleaf: adj. 阔叶树
4. fall into: 属于
5. pine: n. [C]松树
6. walnut: n. [C]胡桃(树)
7. archway: n. [C]拱门，拱道
8. elm: n. [C]榆树
9. lopsided: adj. 倾向一方的，不平衡的
10. unequal: adj. 不平衡的
11. wither: v. 枯萎
2.As you probably know, log structures are gaining in popularity. They are no longer just the simple country homes that we think of as the traditional log cabin. Some upscale homes now incorporate natural round logs in ceiling beams and walls. People seem to think the rounded logs give their homes a cozy, warm atmosphere. And even people who want to build a traditional log cabin on their own can buy a kit with precut logs that fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Before showing you some slides of modern log houses, I'd like to give a little historical background on the subject: Log cabins were first built in the late 1600's along the Delaware River valley. The European immigrants who settled there brought centuries-old traditions of working with logs. And in this heavily wooded area, logs were the material at hand. Log cabins were most popular in the early 1800's with the settlers who were moving west. They provided the answer to the pioneers' need for a safe and sturdy home that an ordinary family could build quickly: they had dirt floors and sliding boards for windows. But the log buildings that have probably had most influence on modern architects are those of the mountain retreats of wealthy New Yorkers. These country houses, which were popular in the early 1900's, typify what's known as the Adirondack style. Now let's look at those slides.
【生词摘录】
1. log: n. [C]原木
2. cabin: n. [C]小屋
3. upscale: adj. 高消费阶层的，质优价高的
4. ceiling: n. [C]天花板
5. beam: n. [C]横梁
6. cozy: adj. 舒适的，安逸的，惬意的
7. kit: n. [C]成套工具，工具箱
8. precut: 按规格裁切
9. jigsaw puzzle: 七巧板，智力拼图玩具
10. settler: n. [C]定居和，殖民者
11. sturdy: adj. 坚固的，耐用的
12. dirt floor: (室内的)泥地面(未铺砖、木的)
13. sliding board: 滑梯
14. retreat: n. [C]静居处
15. typify: v. 代表，作为„„的典型
3.Yesterday we talked about the anecdote. Today we're going to move on to one of the most popular literary forms in Western literature—the short story. A short story is a piece of prose fiction, usually under 10,000 words. Although it's similar to the anecdote, it's really a separate literary form. You'll remember that the anecdote's sole purpose is to entertain, and that it does this by relating a curious or interesting event. Well, there are also events in short stories, but the short story uses the event as something a character reacts to. The reader's interest is captured by the effect that this event has on the character in the story. We're even likely to reread a short story to better understand the character who is being portrayed and why a certain event led to a certain response or action. A short story, though, is not just a short novel. A novel is narrative. It tells a detailed story that usually takes place over a long period of time. A short story is less comprehensive than a novel, and the focus is on a character's mental reaction to an experience. This reaction is the heart of the short story. Now I want you to think back to the short story you read for homework and I'll give you a list of questions to think about.
【生词摘录】
1. anecdote: n. [C]轶事，奇闻
2. prose: n. [C]散文
3. fiction: n. [C]小说
4. separate: adj. 不同的
5. entertain: v. 娱乐
6. relate: v. 叙述
7. capture: v. 俘获
8. reread: v. 重读，再读
9. narrative: adj. 叙述性的
10. detailed: adj. 详细的
11. comprehensive: adj. 全面的
4.Human populations near the equator have evolved dark skin over many generations because of exposure to the fierce rays of the Sun. A similar phenomenon has also occurred in other parts of the animal kingdom. The African grass mouse is a good example. Most mice are nocturnal, but the African grass mouse is active during daylight hours. This means that it spends its days searching for food in the semidry bush and scrub habitats of eastern and southern Africa. Its fur is striped, like a chipmunk's, which helps it blend in with its environment. Because it spends a lot of time in the intense tropical sun, the grass mouse has also evolved two separate safeguards against the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. First, like the populations of humans in this region of the world, the skin of the grass mouse contains lots of melanin, or dark pigment. Second, and quite unusual, this mouse has a layer of melanin-pigmented tissue between its skull and skin. This unique "cap" provides an extra measure of protection for the grass mouse and three other types of African mouse-like rodents that are active during the day. The only other species scientists have identified with the same sort of skull adaptation is the white tent-making bat of the Central American tropics. Although these bats sleep during the day, they do so curled up with their heads exposed to the sun.
【生词摘录】
1. nocturnal: adj. 夜行的，夜间活动的
2. scrub: n. 矮树，灌丛
3. fur: n. 毛皮
4. stripe: v. 划条纹
5. chipmunk: n. [C]花栗鼠
6. tropical: adj. 热带的
7. ultraviolet: adj. 紫外线的
8. melanin: n. [C]黑色素
9. pigment: n. [C]色素
10. tissue: n. [C]【生】组织
11. skull: n. [C]头骨
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