TPO9 listening 问题解析
Section 1
1.Why does the woman go to see the professor
To get advice on the topic of a term paper
To discuss different types of food packaging
To find out if the university will offer courses in food packaging
To ask about jobs in the food industry
解析：(原文中)I am… so since my appointment today is to discuss my term paper topic, I wanted to ask, could I write about food packaging 选 A，女生见教授的目的就是为了向教授征求论文的意见，对话在前面铺垫了很多，听的时候一定要听完整，不要急着做出选择。
2.Why does the professor mention his previous jobs
To explain why the woman should study physics, math, and chemistry
To recommend that the woman get a summer job on a fishing boat
To point out that industry jobs can lead to a teaching career
To confirm an assumption the woman made about finding a job
解析：女生说 I mean with the four-year degree in food science, I'll always be able to find a job.教授支持她的观点，并拿自己以前的工作做例子。所以正确答案为D。
3.The woman mentions a research study of milk packaging. What was the finding of the study
Plastic containers may change the flavor of milk.
Light may negatively affect the quality of milk.
People prefer to buy milk in see-through containers.
Opaque containers are effective in protecting milk from bacteria.
解析：(原文中)Yeah, and I read a study that showed how light can give milk a funny flavor and decrease the nutritional value. 根据原文，这项研究的结论是光线对牛奶的质量有反效果，因此选B。
4.What does the professor imply about the dairy in Chelsea
It has plans to start bottling milk in opaque containers.
Some of its employees attended the university.
Employees there might be able to provide useful information.
He worked there before joining the university faculty.
解析：(原文中)You know, there is a dairy not far from here in Chelsea. It was one of the first diaries to bottle milk in opaque plastic, but now they're using clear plastic began. And they're always very supportive of the university and our students, and if you want it...教授说 Chelsea 离得近，还很支持学生工作。是暗示女生去咨询 Chelsea 的人。
5.Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
What does the woman mean when she says this: …
She has read conflicting information.
She has been too busy to begin her research.
The topic she is researching is too broad.
The information she needs is not available.
解析：这个女生说：I’m overwhelmed. 原意是：我被淹没了。引申出来的意思就是她觉得这些内容对她来说太宽泛太大了。
6.What does the professor mainly discuss
The history of set design in English theater
A French painter’s innovations in set design
A kind of play popular in eighteenth-century English theater
A leading playwright of the eighteenth century
解析：全文主要讲了法国画家Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg 的 set design，描述了几种 stage 和一些元素，并且赞扬了他的innovations in set design.
7.According to the professor, how did Loutherbourg create a feeling of greater depth on the stage
Click on 2 answers.
He enlarged the stage area.
He used mainly dark colors in the painted backgrounds.
He carefully spaced separate pieces of scenery.
He used three-dimensional objects in his sets.
解析：He accomplished this by giving the stage a greater feeling of depth, which he did by cutting up some of the rigid background scenery(此处可以推断C为正确答案，cutting up 是separate的同义替换。), and placing it at various angles and distances from the audience.(此处可推断正确答案为D，他多种角度以及距离的运用，营造出了一种3D的效果，让舞台更加真实。)
8.What can be inferred about theatergoers in eighteenth-century England
They did not accept Loutherbourg’s set designs at first.
They were accustomed to sitting in dark theaters.
Most of them attended the theater mainly to see popular actors.
Some of them used the theater as a substitute for travel.
解析：(原文中)At the time, people were wild for travel and for experiencing new places; but not everyone could afford it. 过去的人们虽然想去新地方旅行，但是不是每个人都能负担得起出行的费用，由此推断人们把去戏院也作为了旅行的方式。
9.What is the professor’s opinion about the relationship between English landscape painters and Loutherbourg
He thinks English landscape painters were unfair in their criticism of Loutherbourg’s work.
He thinks Loutherbourg’s relationship with English landscape painters was less
important than most experts think.
He thinks Loutherbourg and the English landscape painters probably influenced each other.
He thinks English landscape painters helped Loutherbourg’swork gain in popularity.
解析：(原文中)You know, the popular thinking is that Loutherbourg was influenced by landscape painting. But why can't we say that the "Eidophusikon" actually influenced the painters 教授不认同说Loutherbourg受到 landscape painting的影响并认为应该是相反的，是landscape painting 受到了Loutherbourg的影响。C项最贴近原文的意思。
10. What are two notable features of the Eidophusikon
Click on 2 answers.
It was identical to the Drury Lane Theatre.
It did not make use of actors.
It used paintings made by Gainsborough.
It had a small stage.
解析：教授介绍Eidophusikon时，他说 he show consisted of a series of scenes、cattle，就是没有提到演员。因此选 B。 (原文中)Now, the "Eidophusikon" stage was actually a box:..... This was much smaller of course than the usual stage. Eidophusikon的舞台实际上就是个箱子，可以推断出它的舞台很小，选D。
11. Why does the professor mention a storm that passed over Loutherbourg’s home
To demonstrate the authenticity of Loutherbourg’s sound effects
To provide context in a discussion about lighting effects
To mention one of the problems the Eidophusikon faced
To explain how Loutherbourg got an idea for a theater set
解析：(原文中) And some people went outside, and they claimed Loutherbourg's thunder was actually better than the real thunder. 教授说舞台表演的时候，有的人都被特效的雷声吓得冲了出去，证明声音的逼真，选A
12. What is the lecture mainly about
Factors involved in the increased growth of shrubs in Arctic Alaska
How temperature increases might be affecting the permafrost in Arctic Alaska
Why nutrient production of microbes in the soil in Arctic Alaska is declining
Reasons that grasslands are turning into tundra in Arctic Alaska
解析：讲座中教授讨论导致Arctic Alaska shrub 增长的因素的篇幅比较多，因此选A。
13. According to the professor, what are two features of shrubs that allow them to grow well in Arctic regions
Click on 2 answers.
They have roots that can penetrate permafrost.
Their height allows them to absorb more sunlight.
They absorb nutrients from the soil efficiently.
They have a shallow root system.
解析：one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the Arctic. Shrubs are little bushes. They're not tall and being low in the ground protect them from the cold and wind. And their roots don't grow very deep,(此处可以推断出灌木的根系是很浅的，D项正确) So how can increase temperatures in the winter and spring result in increased shrub growth in the summer Well, it may be biological processes that occur in the soil in the winter,.......These microbes enable the soil to have more nitrogen, which plants need to live and they remain quite active during the winter(教授讲解了很多灌木如何在寒冷地区吸取土壤营养，说明了灌木在吸取土壤营养是十分高效的，这也是它们在北极能够生长得很好的原因之一。)
14. What is one reason for the increase in shrub growth in Arctic Alaska
Decreases in grass and most growth have altered the balance of nutrients in the soil.
Increases in ground temperature have led to increased microbial activity.
Increases in average winter temperatures have permafrost permeable to water.
Increases in snowfall have provided more water for shrubs.
解析：(原文中)how can increase temperatures in the winter and spring result in increased shrub growth in the summer Well, it may be biological processes that occur in the soil in the winter, that cause increased shrub growth in the summer...These microbes enable the soil to have more nitrogen, which plants need to live and they remain quite active during the winter 可以推断出地面温度的升高导致了生物活性的加大，因此选B。
15. Why are nutrients in the soil NOT carried away by spring runoff
The roots of shrubs prevent nutrient-filled soil from being washed away.
Most nutrients are not in the area of the soil most affected by runoff.
Most nutrients remain frozen in the permafrost when spring runoff is at its peak.
Most nutrients have been absorbed by vegetation before the runoff period begins.
解析：(原文中)Well, much of the soil is usually still frozen during peak run-off.And the nutrients are deep down in the active layer anyway, not high up near the surface, which is the part of the active layer most affected by run-off. 土壤中的营养物质都是在土壤深层的，而spring runoff发生在表层，因此不会受到影响，选B。
16. Why does the professor mention shrub expansion into other environments, such as semiarid grasslands
To suggest that new shrubland may not convert back to tundra
To explain how shrubland can expand in warm climate
To cite a similarity between the types of shrubs in semiarid grassland and tundra environments
To explain how a biological loop can cause shrub expansion
解析：(原文中)Well, shrub expansion has occurred in other environments, like semiarid grassland, and tall grass prairies. And shrub expansion in these environments does seem to persist, almost to the point of causing a shift. Once is established, shrub land thrives. 女生说 shrubland 会变回 tundra，教授解释说不会，shrub land will thrive once environment established，所以选A。
17. What does the professor imply when she says this: …
The information she gave is important enough to be repeated.
Climate scientists are asking the wrong questions.
The phenomenon is more complex that it appears.
Students should be able to solve the puzzle easily.
解析：教授说到 Ok, so what's the puzzle Warmer temperatures should lead to increased vegetation growth, right 那问题在哪儿呢?本来温度高应该使产量上升对吧?教授这么反问就是说实际情况不是这样的，比看起来要更加复杂。
SECTION2
Part 1
1.What are the speakers mainly discussing
A book that the man is trying to find in the library
A book that the man already returned to the library
A book that the man is using to write his senior thesis
A book that the man lent to his sociology professor
解析：(原文中)Well, I received a letter in my mailbox saying that I'm supposed to return a book that I checked out back in January, it's call "Modern Social Problems". But because I'm writing my senior thesis, I'm supposed to be able to keep the book all semester. 可以看出，这个对话主要是讨论男生需不需要还书，选C。
2.What does the woman offer to do for the man
Let the man know when a book he needs is returned to the library
Photocopy a chapter of a book for him
Ask a professor to return a book the man needs
Find a copy of a book for him at another library
解析：(原文中)you can photocopy up to one chapter of the book. ..We can even do the photocopy for you because of the circumstances. 选B，女生说可以帮男生影印。
3.What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowing privileges
Why the man should not photocopy part of the book
The reasons for one of the library’s policies
What will happen if the man does not return the book
The reason the man has to fill out a form
解析：管理员说 every semester we get a few students who have their borrowing privileges suspended completely because they haven't returned books. They're allowed to use books only in the library. 意思是暗示如果男生不还他也要面临这样的状况，选C。
4.How does the man probably feel at the end of the conversation
Annoyed that he has to pay a fine on the book
Upset that he will lose his library privileges
Glad that he can keep the book for two more weeks
Appreciative that the woman is helping him
解析：(原文中)Thanks a lot. Now I don't feel quite so bad about having to return the book.说明男生对还书这件事是保持着正面态度的。A,B都是负面态度，可以排除。C项没有提及。因此选D。
5.Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the woman say this: …
To make sure she understands what the man’s problem is
To encourage the man to return the book to the library soon
To check whether the man has already returned the book
To explain to the man a change in the library’s policies
解析：(原文中)But we are still asking you to bring the book back 是询问的语气，表示疑惑。之前学生说明了问题，图书馆管理员反复和他确认问题，用了几个询问的句子，这是其中之一，目的是为了确认自己理解对了问题所在。
Part 2
6.What is the lecture mainly about
Reasons that geologists study lake fossils in desert regions
A comparison of ancient and present-day lakes in desert environments
Geological evidence for the formation of ancient sand dunes
A hypothesis for how some ancient desert lakes formed
解析：Student 问Why would lakes form in the desert 接下来教授说：good question，然后就开始长篇解答了。因此这个讲座的主题是沙漠中的湖是怎样形成的。
7.What is the professor’s opinion about the conclusions of the recent study of the limestone formations in the Empty Quarter
They have changed the way geologists study desert environments.
They contradict findings about similar desert lakes.
They explain the causes of monsoons in the desert.
They need to be confirmed by additional studies.
解析：(原文中)A recent study of some of the formations presents some new theories about the area's past. Keep in mind though that this study only looked at 19 formations. And about a thousand have been documented. So there's a lot more work to be done. 教授认为这个近期的研究是不完整的，需要更多的 work，因此选D。
8.According to the professor, what feature of the sand dunes made the formation of the lakes possible
The degree of slope of the sides of the dunes
The presence of clay and silt particles in the dunes
The position of the dunes relative to the wind and rain
The narrowness of the valleys between the dunes
解析：(原文中)According to the study, two factors were important for lake formation in the Empty Quarter: first the rains that fell there were torrential. So it would've been impossible for all the water to soak into the ground. Second, as you know, sand dunes contain other types of particles, besides sand, including clay and silt. 教授说沙漠中湖的形成有两个原因，第二原因就是沙子中含有clay 和silt，因此选B。
9.How is it possible to determine in which rainy period a lake was formed
Click on 2 answers.
By examining the location of the lake bed
By measuring the amount of sand covering the lake bed
By examining the color of the limestone formation
By identifying the types of fossils found in the limestone
解析：(原文中)Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations. The more recent beds are high up in the dunes. (此处可以推断出A为正确选项。) Now, in grassland of Lake Ecosystem, we'd expect to find fossils from a variety of animals, and numerous fossils have been found at least at these particular Sites.(此处可推断出D为正确选项。)
10. What does the professor imply about the lack of water buffalo and hippopotamus fossils in the more recent lakes
The level of water in the lakes was not sufficient for these animals.
The bottoms of the lakes were too sandy for these animals to stand in.
The location of the lakes made them too difficult of these animals to reach.
The vegetation near the lakes did not attract these animals.
解析：(原文中)However, at the sites of the more recent lakes, there’re only cattle fossils, additional evidence for geologists that these lakes were probably smaller, shallower, because cattle only use water for drinking. 说明和 older lake 相比，recent lake 只够动物喝水用，因此选 A。
11. What possible explanation does the professor give for the apparent absence of fish in the most ancient lakes
The presence of predators
Lack of appropriate food
Lack of suitable water
Extreme desert temperatures
解析: (原文中) no fossils of fish. We're not sure why. Maybe there is a problem with the water. Maybe it was too salty. That's certainly true of other desert lakes.教授提及湖中没有发现鱼的原因，说可能是因为湖水本身的问题，也许是因为湖水太咸了。
Part 3
12. What does the professor mainly discuss
The findings of a study on prairie dog communication
The way that mammals learn to make warning cries
Features that distinguish language from animal communication systems
Various types of signal used by animals to communicate with each other
解析：教授说：I'd like to look at some communication systems found in mammals, particularly in primates, such as orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas...讲座中教授讨论了几个 features, 人类的unique communication system。因此选C。
13. Why does the student mention a research project she studied in a biology class
To point out similarities in the behavior of rodents and monkeys
To explain how she first became interested in animal communication
To introduce an instance of an animal species that might have language
To show how she applied her knowledge of linguistics in another course
解析：(原文中)I think the researchers claimed that the warning cries of prairie dogs constitute language, because they have this, different parts of speech. You know, like nouns, to name the type of predator they spotted, adjectives to describe its size and shape, verbs..., but now it seems like...学生以前在课上学过这些，和教授刚刚提及的有冲突。学生认为 dog 是有语言的。因此选C。
14. What is the professor’s opinion of a recent study of prairie dogs
She finds the study interesting but is not convinced that prairie dogs can communicate.
She thinks that some claims made by the researchers are not supported by their findings.
She sees the study as proof that mammals other than humans possess a form of language.
She thinks the researchers misinterpreted the high-pitched barks as warming signal.
解析：(原文中)But actually, these warning calls are no different from those found among certain types of monkeys. 教授认为 researchers 的 findings 不对，不能支持他们的观点，选 B。。
15. What does the professor say about the individual units that make up human languages
They can be combined to create an infinite number of new messages.
They are not capable of being reproduced by members of any other species.
They function in the same way as the signals all animals use to communicate.
They are acquired instinctively without having to be learned.
解析：(原文中)But the discrete units that make up language can be put together in different ways. Those smaller parts can be used to form an infinite number of messages, including messages that are completely novel, that have never been expressed before. 将Those smaller parts can be used to form an infinite number of messages进行同义替换后，可得出A为正确选项。
16. The professor uses the sentence, “Move the large coyote fast”, in order to illustrate two features of language. What are they
Click on 2 answers.
Displacement
Learnability
Productivity
Discreteness
解析：(原文中)But the discrete units that make up language can be put together in different ways. For example, we can differentiate between: "A large coyote moves fast." and say "Move the large coyote fast." or "Move fast, large coyote.", 可知教授举“Move the large coyote fast”的例子是用来解释语言的discrete的。(原文中)Human language is productive and open-ended communication system, whereas no other communication system has this property. 教授提到了 人类语言的productivity。A 项中的 displacement 是下个一论点。B 没有被提到过。所以选择 C,D。
17. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this: …
To see if anyone knows the answer to the student’s question
To suggest that the student is using the wrong terminology
To express frustration because she has already answered a similar question
To determine whether she has been speaking clearly enough
解析：(原文中)T: Excuse me, Professor. But when you talk about gorilla language, do you mean like, those experiments where humans taught them sign language or a language like...
L:OK, wait just a minute. Now, who in this class heard me use the word "language" 之前学生问了个问题，提到了很多次 language，后面教授打断他问：谁刚听到我用了 language 这个词呢? 很明显，是觉得这个学生用错了 language 这个词。