很多同学们在准备
TPO4 listening 问题解析
Section 1
1. Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?
Click on 2 answers.
A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.
B. He does not know the location of the library’s vides collection of plays.
C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.
D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.
答案：AD
(原文中)Yeah, I need to find a review. It’s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and…从第一组对话中得出 student 来咨询的直接原因有两个，一是要找一份 review，二是不知道从哪份 newspaper 开始。B，C 是无关选项。
2.What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?
A. Negative critical reaction led to its content being revised after it premiered.
B. The play has always been quite popular among university students.
C. Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past.
D. The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it.
答案：C
解析：(原文中) Well,that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It’s so controversial. Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage. Oh, sure. Of course the critiques’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted to see what’s causing all the fuss. 从 Women 将现在人们的态度与过去作对比可以得知，现在人们的态度已经比以前积极了很多。B 显然与事实相反，D 有些混淆，但可以看出 critics 的态度也有所改变 而且Never这个词不对，出现这种绝对词的选项通常都不是正确选项。
3.What does the woman say about her experience seeing a performance of Happy Strangers when she was younger?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It was the first play she had seen performed professionally.
B. She saw it against the wishes of her parents.
C. She was surprised at how traditional the performance was.
D. She had a variety of emotional reactions to the play.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)But I start with 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it. Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too.“it was my first time in a real theatre.”与 A 选项相对应。“funny, but I remember crying too.” 体现出她的反应是 a variety of emotional reactions 与 D 符合。
4. What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?
A. He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.
B. He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.
C. He thinks his review of the play will be more objective than the contemporary reviews were.
D. He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he is researching.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)That’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews. 从 student 觉得自己还会有个更好的 Idea 看出他还是很 optimistic 的。从这句话就可以驳斥 A。 而 B 在 The story doesn’t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn’t have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring. 中有提到 boring 但是并不是对比。
5. Replay: Why does the woman say this?
A. To ask the man to clarify his request.
B. To state the man’s request more precisely.
C. To make sure that she heard the man correctly.
D. To correct a mistake the man has made.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)
You want contemporary reviews. What’s the name of the play?
Student :It’s Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important.从学生的回答可以看出 woman 想要 narrow down search 的范围，要具体的名称，因此是 B。她并没有改正这个男生任何问题，所以 D 错误。
6.What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.
C.Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
D.Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to you. Displacement activities are activities that animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. 一开头professor表明是要讲next kind of animal behavior I want… 而之后的一连串解释后最终得出今天要讲的 animal behavior 就是 conflicting drives。也就是 C。
7.Indicate whether each of the activities below describes a displacement activity.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
YesNo
An animal attacks the ground instead of its enemy.
An animal falls asleep in the middle of a mating
ritual.
An animal eats some food when confronted by it
enemy.
An animal takes a drink of water after grooming
itself.
答案：N Y YN
解析：(原文中)That’s exactly what I mean. Displacement occurs because the animal?s got two conflicting drives – two competing urges, in this case, fear and hunger. And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call ‘Disinhibition’. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive. Or, well, they’re getting in a way of each other in a… in a conflict situation and somehow lose control, lose their inhibiting effect on that third behavior, which means that the third drive surfaces, it’s expressed in the animal's behavior. Now, these displacement activities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These are what we call ‘Comfort Behavior’. So why do you think displacement activities are so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?
通常表格题的答案一定是在一大段的陈述中，做题需要将文中信息与表格选项一一对应。
8.What does the professor say about disinhibition?
A.It can prevent displacement activities from occurring.
B.It can cause animals to act on more than one drive at a time.
C.It is not useful for explaining many types of displacement activities.
D.It is responsible for the appearance of seemingly irrelevant behavior.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call “Disinhibition”. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive. 这句话先说出了 disinhibition 的定义，之后才说这就是我们所说的 that we call “Disinhibition”，容易听漏，但是这之前的内容就是答案。显然是没有 prevent displacement activities的作用，因此 A 错误。
9.According to the lecture, what is one possible reason that displacement activities are often grooming behaviors?
A.Grooming may cause an enemy or predator to be confused.
B.Grooming is a convenient and accessible behavior.
C.Grooming often occurs before eating and drinking.
D.Grooming is a common social activity.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)I mean, grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do. It’s something they do all the time, and they have the stimulus right there on the outside of their bodies in order to do the grooming, or if food is right in front of them. Basically, they don’t have to think very much about those behaviors.从 grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do 中可以推断出 grooming十分 convenient，从之后的内容中可以判断出它与 food 有关而与 enemy 无关，A 错误。
10.Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?
A.To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.
B.To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming
C.To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.
D.To five an example of an animal that does not display displacement activities.
答案：C
解析：(原文中) For example, there’s a bird, the “wood thrush”, anyway, when the “wood thrush” is in an attack-escape conflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attack an enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch. If it’s sitting on a vertical branch, it’ll groom its breast feathers. The immediate environment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship to its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will display. Professor 提到 woodtrash 的原因就是为了举例，而举例的目的就是为了证明环境会影响动物的displacement activities。这里没有把 displacement activities 与 gromming 作对比。因此 B 错误。
11.Replay: What does the professor mean when she says this?
A.She is impressed by how much the student knows about redirecting.
B.She thinks it is time to move on to the next part of this lectures.
C.The student’s answer is not an example of a displacement activity.
D.The student should suggest a different animal behavior to discuss next.
答案：B
解析：Professor说完这句话后便开始引入到这节课下一个环节，因此Professor说这句话的目的就是为了提示学生，她即将进行到这节课的下一个环节。D 错误是因为Professor不是要再继续讨论另一种 animal behavior。
12.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A.To point out similarities n Emerson’s essays and poems.
B.To prepare the students to read an essay by Emerson.
C.To compare Emerson’s concept of universal truth to that of other authors.
D.To show the influence of early United States society on Emerson’s writing.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)All right, so let me close today’s class with some thoughts to keep in mind while you are doing tonight’s assignment. You will be reading one of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s best-known essays “Self-Reliance” and comparing it with his poems and other works. Professor说的这一整段的目的就是为学生们 doing tonight’s assignment 提供一些信息。虽然提到了 comparing it with his poems and other works.但并不是 C 选项中的 compare Emerson’s concept of universal truth to that of other authors.并没有说到其他author。
13.On what basis did Emerson criticize the people of his time?
A.They refused to recognize universal truths.
B.They did not recognize the genius of certain authors.
C.Their convictions were not well-defined.
D.They were too interested in conformity.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trusting him or herself. You’ll see that he writes about, well, first, conformity. He criticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for the sake of conformity and consistency. 从Professor的话中 Emerson 所批判的是与他同时代人的 conformity and consistency, B与事实不符 But actually, he ties that in with a sort of ‘universal truth’– something that everyone knows but doesn’t realize they know.
14.What does Emerson say about the past?
A.It should guide a person’s present actions.
B.It must be examined closely.
C.It is less important than the future.
D.It lacks both clarity and universal truth.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Not conforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past。 “Focus on the future,” he says, “That's what matters more. Inconsistency is good.” Professor说了一组 Emerson 将 past 与 future 进行的对比。根据“Focus on the future” 反推，完全体现出了他对 past的态度。因此选 C。
15.What point does the professor make when he mentions a ship’s path?
A.It is easy for people to lose sight of their true path.
B.Most people are not capable of deciding which path is best for them.
C.The path a person takes can only be seen clearly after the destination has been reached.
D.A person should establish a goal before deciding which path to take.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)He talks about a ship’s voyage and this is one of the most famous bits of the essay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seems a little all over the place, but from farther away, the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way. So, don’t worry if you are not sure where you?re headed or what your long-term goals are.
Zigzag：之字形的。从 the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way.可以看出，只有到达终点，才能更好的看清走过的路，因此 C正确。
16.What does the professor imply about himself when he recounts some life experiences he had before becoming a literature professor?
Click on 2 answers.
A. He did not consider the consequences of his decisions.
B. He did not plan to become a literature professor
C. He has always tried to act consistently
D. He has trusted in himself and his decisions.
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)So, don’t worry if you are not sure where you’re headed or what your long-term goals are. Stay true to yourself and it’ll make sense in the end. I mean, I can attest to that. My life is taking some pretty interesting turns and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where they’ve brought me. If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interest, don’t worry, your path will make sense in the end. 那么Professor以自己为例子，证明很多时候要到最后才知道自己的目标是否适合自己。他一开始从未打算过做Professor而最后他十分的 happy。因此选 BD。
17. Replay: Why does the professor say this:
A.To suggest that United States citizens have not changed much over time
B.To encourage the class to find more information about this time period.
C.To explain why Emerson’s essay has lost some relevance.
D.To provide background for the concept he is explaining.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Remember this is 1838, ‘Self-Reliance’ was a novel idea at the time and the United States citizens were less secure about themselves as individuals and as Americans. The country as a whole was trying to define itself. Professor提及当时的时代特征就是为了给学生补充背景知识便于他们理解。因此是 D。
Section 2
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
A.Methods for finding appropriate sources for a project.
B.Reasons the woman is having difficulties with a project.
C.Criteria the professor uses to evaluate group projects.
D.Ways to develop the skills needed to work in groups.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Oh, it’s nothing. Well, since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just I am having trouble with my group project. Professor问这位同学怎么了，他说是他的 group project 这也就是他在表明来意。因此选 B。
2.Why does the professor mention the ‘free-rider’ problem?
A.To review a concept he explained in class.
B.To give the student a plan to solve her problem.
C.To clarify the problem the student is facing.
D.To explain a benefit of working in groups.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)
Professor :Ah, the good old free rider problem.
Student :Free rider?
Professor : Ah, it’s just a term that describes this situation, when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work.
Professor提及 free rider 这个 issues 就是为了定义现在学生所面临的这一问题，因此是 C，它与 group walking 无关，因此 D 错误。也不是一个可以 slove problems 的 plan 因此 B 错误。
3.What is the professor’s opinion of the other students in the woman’s group? A.They try to take credit for work they did not do.
B.They did not perform well in previous courses with him.
C.They are more motivated when they are working in a group.
D.They do good work when they are interested in the subject
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Um…maybe that’s part of the problem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t that excited about the topic? And since you picked it, have you thought…talk to them at all about picking a different topic? 教授先说他了解那两位同学的做事风格，之后提到可能是因为他对 topic 不感兴趣所以才这样，那么反推，如果选了他们感兴趣的话题他们就会积极参与。因此选 D。B 选项有些混淆，但在Professor提到他上这两个同学课以后并没有对他们的课堂表现进行评价。
4.Why did the woman choose property rights as a topic?
A.The professor recommended the topic.
B.She already had a lot of reference materials on the subject.
C.She wanted to learn something new.
D.It was easy to research at the school library.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Well, I think we’d all rather focus on cases that deal with personal liberties, questions about freedom of speech, things like that. But I chose property rights. Yeah, I thought it would be good for us, all of us to try something new.可以看出这个学生可以选择其他话题，但是她想选择这个，因为她想学一些新的东西。
5.What mistakes does the professor imply the woman has made while working on a project?
Click on 2 answers
A. Finding sources for her group partners.
B. Writing the weekly progress reports for her group.
C. Forgetting to pay attention to the project’s deadlines.
D. Failing to involve the group members in the selection of a topic.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)Do you…does your group like your topic?
Student :Well, I think we’d all rather focus on cases that deal with personal liberties, questions about freedom of speech, things like that. But I chose property rights. 从Professor的问话和总结中得知他觉得这个学生的 problems 源自于没有和其他同学一起找 source 以及没有和其他同学共同选 topic，因此是 AD。
6.What does the professor mainly discuss?
A.His plans for research involving moving rocks.
B.A difference between two geological forces that cause rocks to move.
C.Theories about why desert rocks move.
D.Reasons why geologists should study moving rocks.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)So I’ll just touch on an interesting subject that I think makes an important point. We’ve been covering rocks and different types of rocks for the last several weeks. Professor的第二句话就揭示了今天的主题就是在沙漠中石头移动的原因。并没有在 two geological forces 进行比较，所以 B 错误。
7.According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?
A.The rocks cannot move after ice storms.
B.The rocks do not move at night.
C.The rocks never move in circles.
D.The rocks are not moved by people.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Now there are a lot of theories, but all we know for sure is that people aren’t moving the rocks. There are no footprints, no tire tracks and no heavy machinery like a bulldozer…uh, nothing was ever brought in to move these heavy rocks。Professor罗列了一系列事实来 prove 人移动这些 huge rocks 是完全没有可能性的，因此是 D，其他的因素都还是处于无法确定的状态。只有 D 完全被否定。
8.The professor mentions experiments on the wind speed necessary to move rocks. What is the professor’s attitude toward the experiments?
A.Their results were decisive.
B.They were not carried out carefully.
C.They were not continued long enough to reach a conclusion.
D.The government should not have allowed the experiments.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Ever! Not on this planet. So I think it’s safe to say that that issues has been settled. …But there’s a problem with this theory, too. Professor针对每一种 theory 都提出了反驳和不可取的地方，由此可知Professor对于这些理论都存有怀疑。选 A。
9.What important point does the professor make about the area where the rocks are found?
A.It has been the site of Earth’s highest wind speeds.
B.It is subject to laws that restrict experimentation.
C.It is accessible to heavy machinery.
D.It is not subject to significant changes in temperature.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)I bet you are saying to yourself well, why don’t scientists just set up video cameras to record what actually happens? Thing is this is a protective wilderness area. So by law that type of research isn’t allowed.关于这个 area 的定义Professor只提到了它是一个 protective wilderness area. So by law that type of research isn’t allowed. 所以得知这个地区的试验是受到法律限制的，选 B。
10.What is the professor’s purpose in telling the students about moving rocks?
A.To teach a lesson about the structure of solid matter.
B.To share a recent advance in geology.
C.To give an example of how ice can move rocks.
D.To show how geologists need to combine information from several fields.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)The researchers studying moving rocks, well, they combine their knowledge of rocks with knowledge of wind, ice and such…um not successfully, not yet. But you know, they wouldn’t even have been able to get started without uh… earth science understanding–knowledge about wind, storms, you know, meteorology. You need to understand physics. 从 Professor 的这段分析中得知要想 studying moving rocks 研究者必须将 knowledge of wind, ice，earth science 等等全都结合起来，因此选 D。C 中显然在前面就讲到 ice move rocks的理论是有 problem 的。
11.Replay: What does the professor imply when he says this:
A.The movement pattern of the rocks was misreported by researchers.
B.The rocs are probably being moved by people.
C.The movement pattern of the rocks does not support the wind theory.
D.There must be differences in the rocks’ composition.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Some scientists theorized that perhaps when the ground is slippery the high winds can then move the rocks. There’s a problem with this theory. One team of scientists flooded an area of the desert with water, then try to establish how much wind force would be necessary to move the rocks. 从 Professor 说完这句话之后的分析看出这个 movement pattern of the rocks 恰恰说明了风是无法 move那么大的石头的。A中report的数据是正确的，并没有misreported。
12.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.Reasons the United States government should not support the arts.
B.The history of government support for the arts in the United States.
C.Strengths and weaknesses of different government-sponsored arts programs.
D.Different ways in which governments can help support artists.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank? 从第一句以及之后围绕 government support for the arts展开的几组问答，可以得知professor要接着上节课的内容继续今天的主题，故选 B。C 中 professor 并没有分析政府支持艺术的 Strengths and weaknesses。
13.According to the talk, in what two ways was the Federal Art Project successful?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It established standards for art schools.
B. It provided jobs for many artists.
C. It produced many excellent artists.
D. It gave many people greater access to the arts.
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’t really necessary any longer. well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts. 从 professor 的分析中可得知政府支持艺术在当时战后的消极就业中增加了就业率，也扩大了艺术被接受的范围，push for major funding to support and promote the arts. 因此是 BD。
14. The class discusses some important events related to government support
for the arts in the United States. Put the events in order from earliest to latest.
Answer Choices.
Arts councils were established in all 50 states of the country.
The federal budget supporting the arts was reduced by half.
The Federal Art Project helped reduce unemployment.
The National Endowment for the Arts was established
1The government provided no official support for the arts.
2
3
4
答案：2.The Federal Art Project helped reduce unemployment. 3. The National Endowment for the Arts was established. 4. The federal budget supporting the arts was reduced by half
解析：(原文中)Right. But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren’t really necessary any longer. So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts. It was felt by a number of politicians that …well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of… oh, what can we say?...the the soul…or spirit of the country. The idea was that there be a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions. And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created. So it was through the NEA,… their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists.
15. Why does the professor mention the Kennedy Center and Lincoln Center?
A. To give example s of institutions that benefit from corporate support.
B. To illustrate why some artists oppose the building of cultural centers.
C. To show how two centers were named after presidents who supported the arts.
D. To name two art centers built by the government during the Depression.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts. The Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C., you may uh…maybe you?ve been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York. Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations. And the Kennedy and Lincoln center’s aren’t the only examples.可知教授提这个的原因是为了give example s of institutions that benefit from corporate support. Professor提及 Kennedy Center and Lincoln Center 就是为了举例证明 institutions 在与政府合作支持艺术发展的过程中收益。因此选 A。
16. What does the professor say about artists’ opinions of government support for the arts?
A. Most artists believe that the government should provide more funding for the art
B. Most artists approve of the ways in which the government supports the arts.
C. Even artists do not agree on whether the government should support the arts.
D. Even artists have a low opinion of government support for the arts.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)
In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists suppose a government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create. 从这里可以看出艺术家对于政府出资支持艺术的看法也就是 they don’t want the government to control what they create.与 C 选项符合。
17. Replay: What does the professor imply when she says this:
A. Others students should comment on the man’s remark.
B. Most people would agree with the man’s opinion.
C. Artwork funded by the government is usually of excellent quality.
D. The government project was not a waste of money.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)
Frank :Yeah. But didn’t the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn’t even
very good?
Professor :Uh…some people might say that. But wasn’t the primary objective of the Federal
Art Project to provide jobs?
Frank :That’s true. I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.
从这组问答中体现出 government project 提供了工作机会且推广了艺术，可以说是物尽其用。因此是 The government project was not a waste of money. C 在 lecture 没有得到解释，没有提及政府赞助的 art work 的质量。