TPO14 listening 问题解析
Section 1
第一篇
1.Why does the student go to see the man?
To find out the status of her job application
To get help locating a book she needs for a class
To request a book that her professor put on the reserve list
To ask how to look up books on the library’s computer system
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Hi, I am looking for this book---the American judicial system. 主旨题。对话开始女学生就说要借书，所以正确答案为 B。
2.Why is the student having a problem getting the book she wants?
Other students are using the book in the library.
The book is kept in the political science library.
The student has the incorrect title for the book.
All the copies of the book have been checked out of the library.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Well, it’s still here in the library. So people must be using it. 细节题。问及书的去向时，管理员说所有的书都在馆内，女学生找不到的原因肯定是有别人在看，所以正确答案为 A。
3.Why does the man think a student job in the library is available?
Click on 2 answers.
An employee recently stopped working at the library.
One position has been open since the beginning of the semester.
The library only recently got approval to hire additional staff.
Not many students are looking for work this time of year.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)We are a little short of staff right now. Someone quit recently,” “At the beginning of the semester we were swamped with applications, but I guess everyone who wants the job has one by now. 多选题。图书馆缺少雇员，因为有个员工最近辞职了;学期开始的时候有很多人想在图书馆工作，但是现在大家都找到工作了，所以一步推理后可知：现在没多少人再找工作了。综上所述，正确答案分别为 A 和 D。
4.What is a potential problem with the available job in the library?
The position is only a temporary one.
The position is for fewer hours per week than other student jobs.
There may not be flexibility to select convenient working hours.
The librarian may prefer to hire a student with previous library work experience.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Usually we can pick the hours we want to work. But since you’d be starting so late in the semester, I’m not sure how that would work for you. 细节题。被问及工作的细节时，图书管理员说，学生本来是可以自由选择工作时间的，但是现在学期开始这么久了，可能就不能自由选择了，
所以正确答案为 C。
5.Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
Why does the man say this:
To acknowledge that there is a problem with the reserve system
To indicate how the library avoids the problem the student mentioned
To explain why the library has ordered more copies of the book
To reinforce the reason why so many books are not on the shelves
答案：B
解析：(原文中)“What if someone who is not in the class wants to use the book?” “That’s why I said some copies.” 重听题。前文提到教师有权利预定图书馆里面的“部分”书目，也就是说，还是有一些书目可以供非听课人员借阅的。
所以，图书管理员的话是对女学生提出的问题的解决方案。答案是 B。
第二篇
6.What is the lecture mainly about?
The differences between imagination and perception
Cognitive functions that improve decision making
Cognitive functions that assist in problem solving
Common limitations with regard to several cognitive functions
答案：D
解析：(原文中)So perceiving, remembering, imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing. Yet, each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken believes or make false predictions. 主旨题。讲座开头时已经提出，人的认知过程是有限制的，会导致错误的预测。这就是整个讲座的主题，选D。
7.Why does the professor mention a study with a word list?
To illustrate a type of mistake that people make when recalling details
To offer an example of a well-designed study in cognitive psychology
To demonstrate the limited effect imagination has on memory
To prove that imagination leads to poor decision making
答案：A
解析：目的题。举出例子为了证明上文观点，讲到 word list 的记忆之前，教授提出：
“Yet, each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken believes or make false predictions.” 例子之后也讲到：“Why do they make such a simple mistake?”
所以答案为 A。C项容易错选，其实说反了，不是limited effect(影响很小)，而是影响很大。
8.What was demonstrated by the study on perception that the professor mentions?
People who misheard sentences were most likely to make poor decisions.
Decision making is ultimately influenced by many factors.
The brain can automatically supply details that were not actually perceived.
Words that are heard last are the most easily remembered.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)When we tap our memory, our brains often fill in details and quite often these details are actually false. 细节题。教授说，当我们挖掘我们的记忆时，大脑会自动填入 blind spot 当中缺失的信息，为此他还举了一个例子，当听到别人说“太阳从…升起”时，我们会自动认为别人说的是太阳从东方升起。
9.Why does the professor mention the area where the optic nerve connects to the back of the eye?
To explain why many people do not understand the concept of blind spots
To illustrate how visual blind spots interfere with the processing of written words
To explain the origin of a concept that is used in the study of cognition
To show how visual perception works
答案：C
解析：(原文中)The term originally refers to the place in our eyes where the optic nerve connects the back of the eye to the brain” “But the term “blind spot” has also taken on a more general meaning--- it refers to people being unaware of a bias that may affect their judgment about the subject. 目的题。讲到名词“blind spot”的时候，教授提到该词的起源，这个词原来是用来表示人眼的盲点，所以答案为 C。
10. What point does the professor make about imagination?
It is inadequate for accurately predicting future events.
It is difficult to study with experiments.
It is a process that is unrelated to perception or memory.
It is a relatively new area of study in cognition.
答案：A
解析：细节题。谈及想象力的时候，教授说道：“But the ease with which we imagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and can bias our decisions.” 也就是想象力的存在会影响我们对于未来的预判，使我们产生一定程度上的偏见，最后影响我们的决策。
11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Why does the professor say this:
To find out if Peter followed her instructions
To illustrate a point she wants to make about imagination
To point out that all salads have some ingredients in common
To show the relation between memory and imagination
答案：B
解析： “Did yours have tomatoes, Onion, Lettuce? mine did?” 重听题。教授叫其中一个学生想像一份 salad，用来支持自己先前提到的关于想象力影响判断的观点，所以答案为 B。这个例子本来就是虚构的，与记忆无关，所以 D项错误。这句话也不是用来确认是否该学生在听课，A项错误。C选项未提及。
第三篇
12. What is the lecture mainly about?
Difficulties animals have in regulating their body temperatures
How people can affect animals’ microclimates
Ways of identifying different types of microclimates
The importance of microclimates to some animals
答案：D
解析：主旨题。综合全文，全文都是关于microclimates 及其对于生物的重要性的，所以选D。
13. What two factors does the professor say can affect a microclimate?
Click on 2 answers.
The size of the animal population in the area
The number of other microclimates in the area
The elevation of the land where the microclimate is located
Human activity in the area where the microclimate is located
答案：CD
解析：(原文中)Obviously weather conditions in the surrounding areas are a factor. But other aspects of the location like, um… the elevation of the land, the plant life nearby, and so on, have a substantial effect on microclimates. And of course the human development in the area, eh, a road will affect a nearby microclimate. 多选题，教授指出影响 microclimates 的因素有许多，其中提到了几点，包括the elevation of the land，the plant life nearby和human development in the area，所以答案为 CD。
14. What point does the professor make when she mentions squirrels?
Studying squirrels has helped biologists identify different microclimates.
Mammals have more than one way of regulating their body temperature.
Smaller animals have more success than larger animals in adapting to different microclimates.
Squirrels do not rely on microclimates as much as other mammals do.
答案：B
解析：细节题，讲到 mammals 的时候教授肯定了同学的观点：But squirrels are mammals, right? I thought mammals regulate their temperature internally. 也就是说他们是可以内部调节体温的，同时也可以借助microclimates的帮助：“but not all can do it to the same degree, or even the same way.” 综上所述，正确答案为 B。
15. What does the professor imply about reptiles and microclimates?
Microclimates can be both helpful and harmful to reptiles.
Microclimates are one of the many ways reptiles control their body temperature.
Many reptiles position themselves in microclimates when waiting for their prey.
Many reptiles spend most of their time in one type of microclimate.
答案：A
解析：细节题。讲到 reptiles 的时候，教授提及，在过热或者过冷的环境下两栖动物都会受到伤害：Staying in the heat for too long can lead to problems, but staying in the cold can do the same. A答案为同义替换选项，所以正确。B项错误，因为文中并未提及两栖动物除了rely on microclimates 以外的控制体内温度的方法。
16. According to the professor, how do decomposing leaves affect microclimates?
Decomposing leaves form layers that prevent sunlight from warming the ground below the leaves.
Decomposing leaves insulate burrows, keeping the burrows cool.
Decomposing leaves generate heat, creating a warm microclimate.
Decomposing leaves bring moisture to dry microclimates.
答案：C
解析：细节题。提及腐坏的树叶的时候，教授在第一句就说到：Think about this, decomposing leaves create heat that warms the soil. 所以正确选项为 C。
17. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this:
To refer to a well-know misconception about reptiles
To indicate that he understands the professor’s explanations
To provide an example that may be an exception to the professor’s statement
To indicate that there is more than one explanation for a phenomenon
答案：B
解析：(原文中)so I can image the effect of microclimate would have on them. 重听题。
重听句之前讲的是 mammals 依赖 microclimates，学生通过合理外推，表明自己理解了 reptile 对于 microclimates 的依赖。因此 B项正确。
Section 2
第一篇
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
The advantages and disadvantages of a career in journalism
Topics the student could write about for the school newspaper
Comparing a major in journalism to other majors
Preparing for a career in journalism
答案：D
解析：主旨题。全文的比重还是放到了找工作上面，换专业只是话题的开端而已，所以答案为 D。
2.Why does the advisor discourage the student from transferring to another university?
His current university is highly respected by newspaper editors.
His current university will soon offer a major in journalism.
He does not need to major in journalism in order to work as a reporter.
He has a promising future on the staff of his current university’s newspaper.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)having a degree in something other than journalism should actually work to your advantage. 细节题。学生想要转到新闻专业，可是学校没有，而且当记者不一定需要新闻专业，甚至非新闻专业者找工作反而有优势，因此答案为 C。
3.According to advisor, how do newspaper editors evaluate an applicant for a reporting position?
Click on 2 answers.
They ask the applicant to present ideas for news stories.
They ask the applicant to write a news story.
They review the applicant’s university course work.
They review a sample of the applicant’s published articles.
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)they want to see clips, you know, some of your published articles,” “though also want to try out, though give you an assignment like… covering a price of conferences some other event, then see if you can craft the story about it, accurately, on dead line. 多选题。讲到找工作时，提到了新闻单位招人的时候的两项要求：应聘者出版过的文章，同时他们还会要求应聘者去做 try-out，即现写一篇。因此答案为 BD。
4.What points does the advisor make when she suggests that the student report on a local court case?
Click on 2 answers.
It will help him begin to develop expertise in his field of interest.
It will bring him in contact with people who might help him find a job.
It will be a way for him to gain experience writing about business and technology.
It will allow him to inform students and faculty about an issue affecting their university.
答案：AD
解析：多选题。讲到 local court case 的时候，advisor 说到：once that the student and professor here would want to read about…Most journalism specialized these days. 所以答案为 AD。B项错误，没提到 people。C项错误，因为 local court属于political science范畴，不是business and technology。
5.What does the student imply when he says this:
He was surprised by the amount of effort required to write a newspaper article.
He feels that some of the editor’s changes were unnecessary.
He does not want to take credit that he does not deserve.
He will try to make sure his future articles are more accurate.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)To be honest, the articles got a lot of editing. In fact I barely recognized a couple of paragraphs.重听题。学生说“我根本都不认识我原来写的几段文章了。” 感情上来说这表现的是惊讶，都被改得不成样了，所以写报纸文章的确是一件很难的事情。A项最为符合。B项错误，重听句只是说editor改了很多，但是没说editor改的是没用的。C项错误，这是一个无关项。D项错误，重听句只说这回被改了很多，没有表明下回要写好的意愿。
第二篇
6.What does the professor mainly discuss?
How the seafaring skills of Polynesians resembled those of the Vikings
How Pacific Islanders were able to navigate without instruments
How the patterns of stars differ to the north and south of the equator
How navigational instruments developed over time
答案：B
解析：主旨题。讲座开头就已经提出：But today I want to talk about the importance of stars for early seafarers, about how the fixed patterns of stars were used as navigational aids. 所以答案为 B。
7.What is the advantage of observing stars from a location near the equator?
The horizon tends to be clearer there than anywhere else.
More stars rise and set in pairs there than anywhere else.
Zenith stars shine even brighter there than they do farther north or south.
The sky appears more orderly there than it does farther north or south.
答案：D
解析;(原文中)Um, the key to the pacific islanders’ success was probably their location near the equator. 细节题。讲到 pacific islander 时，提到他们的地理位置优越，更容易观察星辰的移动规律。所以正确答案为 D。
8.What does the professor say about the people of the Gilbert Islands?
Click on 2 answers.
They developed a method for describing the locations of stars.
They regularly traded with the peoples of Hawaii and New Zealand.
They were the first to recognize the usefulness of zenith stars.
They considered a navigator to be the same as an astronomer.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)
“In fact there was only one word for both in the Gilbert Islands, when you wanted to the star expert, you ask for a navigator.”
“And the people there were able to divide the sky into symmetrical boxes, according to the main directions, north, east, south and west.”
多选题。教授提到gilbert islands的人的时候，说到了两件事，一个是navigator是star expert，另一个是他们按东西南北的方向划分了星空。教授将这个作为例子，作为论据，支撑以下观点：" So it was easier to discern the order in the sky than farther north or farther south, where everything would seem more chaotic. "
综上所述，答案为 AD。
9.Why does the professor mention stone canoes?
To point out some of the monuments that can be found on Pacific islands
To give an example of an early method of transporting goods
To illustrate a method used for teaching young Polynesians to navigate
To compare Polynesian navigational tools to those of the Vikings
答案：C
解析：目的题。举出 stone canoes 的例子是为了支持“they passed this knowledge down from generation to generation.”的观点，也就是 Polynesians 传授下一代航海技术，也就是观星技术。所以答案为 C。
10. What did the technique using zenith stars have in common with the technique using star pairs?
Both could help identify a location relative to the equator.
Both seem to have been used to determine the positioning of stone canoes.
Both were first developed by the Vikings.
Both were used as calendars to help keep track of the seasons.
答案：A
解析：细节题。详述 Polynesians 的航海技术时教授给出了两种方法：
“A zenith star was a really bright star that would pass directly overhead at particular latitude…at a particular distance from the equator, often at a latitude associate with some particular pacific island.” “Um, another technique used by the Polynesians was to look for a star pair, that’s two stars that rise at the same time, or set at the same time, and navigators could use these pairs of stars as reference points, because they rise or set together only at specific latitudes.”
两种方法都是通过确定星空中特定的星星，从而判断自己与赤道的相对位置来进行航线校正的，所以答案为 A。其余选项均未提及。
11. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. What can be inferred about the professor when he says this:
He questions whether the technique is useful.
He wants to clarify a point about the technique.
He wants the students to guess how the technique works.
He wants the students to experiment with the technique.
答案：B
解析：重听题。
(原文中) Um… actually it makes more sense with setting stars; they can be watched instead of trying to guess when they’ll rise. 重听句其实是教授对于 star pairs 技术的评价，也就是他自己的观点。所以答案B 正确，教授只是陈述了自己的观点而已。CD项错误，该句并未表达教授对于学生的任何要求;A项错误，教授只是提出了一个意见，并未直接质疑该技术的实用性。
第三篇
12. What does the professor mainly discuss?
The role of physics in the discovery of Neolithic religious sites
The sound effects that Neolithic people could experience in passage graves
Evidence that passage graves were designed to function as calendars
A debate about the role of sound in passage grave ceremonies
答案：B
解析：主旨题，全文都在讨论 passage graves, 提出了几个声学现象，所以答案为 B。
13. Why does the professor mention an Egyptian pyramid?
To contrast its purpose with that of monuments found in the British Isles
To compare the architectural styles of two Neolithic cultures
To describe the outer shape of passage graves in Great Britain and Ireland
To help students understand how long ago passage graves were built
答案：D
解析：文章开头教授说: “But there are some even earlier structures in the British Isles also worth discussing,”上一句话中教授说埃及金字塔年代很久远，但是紧接着用“but”转折，提出 Passage graves 的存在，说明passage graves比金字塔更早。
14. According to the professor, what is one effect produced by standing waves in a passage grave chamber?
Light fills the chamber on certain days of the year.
Drums resonate loudly without being played by humans.
The floor and walls of the chamber seem to shake.
The intensity of sound varies greatly throughout the chamber.
答案：D
解析：提出 standing waves 的概念以后，教授说：" So, the volume seems to alternate between very loud and very soft." So 后面提出了关于standing waves的一个小结论：音量会变。D 答案是同义替换，所以正确。
15. Why does the professor mention a bottle?
To illustrate the shape of the interior of a passage grave
To describe part of a Neolithic burial ceremony
To help explain how resonance is produced
To give an example of an artifact found in a Neolithic site
答案：C
解析：(原文中)And another bit of physics I played here is something called Resonance. I know physics, but well I imagine you have all below near of top empty bottles and heard sounds it makes.目的题。讲完 resonance(回声)以后，教授举例提到了瓶子，让大家想象一下通过瓶口听到声音，通过这个解释回声的形成机制。因此C 答案正确。
16. According to the professor, what characteristic of passage graves has led researchers to the conclusion that they were intentionally designed for use by the living?
Their location in the ceremonial areas of Neolithic communities
Their ability to function as astronomical calendars
The structure of their high ceilings
The remains of drums found in their chambers
答案：B
解析：(原文中)students: were they designed to be used somehow by the living?
Professor: Ah, yes!...some of these Passage Graves were definitely what we might call Astronomical Calendars”
教授在回答学生的问题时给出了答案：passage graves是designed for use by the living的，因为它们常常作为astronomical calendars使用。所以答案为 B。
17. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.What does the professor imply when she says this:“that sort of thing, you see.”
She is confident that no more examples should be necessary.
She is eager to find out whether the students can provide other examples.
She wonders whether her explanation may be too difficult to understand.
She is surprised that her students have understood her point so quickly.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)In fact, the sounds can cause headaches, feelings of dizziness, increase heartache, that sort of thing, you see.
重听题。
重听句相当于“etc.”或者“and so on”的意思，也就是说不必赘述。所以答案为 A，其余皆为无关项。