如果能够将
TPO19 listening 问题解析
Section 1
Conversation 1
1.Why does the man go to see the professor?
A.To ask for heap in choosing a topic for his term paper
B.To ask the professor to explain how to complete an assignment
C.To ask about a point raised in a recent lecture
D.To offer to help the professor with her research project
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Student: Hi, professor Handerson. That was a really interesting lecture in class today.
Professor: Thanks, Tom. Yeah, animals’ use of deception, ways they play tricks on other animals, that’s a fascinating area. One we are really just starting to understand.
Student: Yeah, you know, selective adaptations over time are one thing. Oh, like, non-poisonous butterflies, that have come to look like poisonous ones. But the idea that animals of the same species intentionally deceive each other, I have never heard that before.
... ...
Student:Yeah, I can see how that might do the trick. But, anyway, what I wanted to ask was, when you started talking about game theory. Well, I know a little bit about it, but I am not clear about its use in biology.
从以上对话可知，教授在最近一个讲座提出了一个观点，引起男生的兴趣。因此，男生来找教授探讨这个话题。
2.Why does the professor mention male frogs that lower their voices?
A.To give an example of a behavior that can be predicted using game theory
B.To reinforce the definition of “selective adaptation”
C.To give an example of deceptive behavior in animals
D.To compare the behavior of butterflies and frogs
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Student: Yeah, you know, selective adaptations over time are one thing. Oh, like, non-poisonous butterflies, that have come to look like poisonous ones. But the idea that animals of the same species intentionally deceive each other, I have never heard that before.
Professor: Right, like, there are male frogs that lower their voices and end up sounding bigger than they really are.
从以上对话可知，男生提出自己从未听说过同种类的动物会欺骗对方，教授便引用雄性青蛙的例子来说明动物之间的欺诈行为。
3. Why does the professor talk about computers?
A. To help the man understand game theory
B. To describe how biologists analyze data about adaptation
C. To suggest a way for the man to find information about game theory
D. To explain the format required for the man's term paper
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Student: Yeah, I can see how that might do the trick. But, anyway, what I wanted to ask was, when you started talking about game theory. Well, I know a little bit about it, but I am not clear about its use in biology.
Professor: Yeah, it is fairly new to biology.Basically, it uses math to predict what an individual would do under certain circumstances. But for example, a business sells, oh computer, say, and they want to sell their computers to a big university. But there is another company bidding too. So, what should they do?
由以上对话可知，男生表示自己对于博弈论在生物学上的使用理解并不清楚。教授便提出销售电脑的例子来帮助男生理解。
4.What does the man need to do for his term paper?
A.Interpret the statistical data in a journal article
B.Summarize the information in several published studies
C.Discuss a current controversy in biological research
D.Design an experiment that uses game theory
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Professor:Well, you know, if you are interested in this topic, it would be perfect for your term paper.
Student:The literature review?
Professor: Yeah, find three journal articles about this or another topic that interests you and discuss them. If there is a conflict in the conclusions or something, that would be important to discuss.
由此对话可知，教授指导男生去查阅一些文章，如果结论有冲突，则重点进行讨论。
5.The man expresses reservations about the suggested topic for his term paper. What is the professor's attitude toward the man's reservations?
A.She thinks the man has demonstrated the necessary background in statistics.
B.She thinks the man should choose a topic he is more comfortable with.
C.She thinks the man should ask another student to help him understand the statistics.
D.She thinks the man's worries are unnecessary.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Student:Well, from what I have looked at dealing with game theory, I can’t say I understand much of the statistics end.
Professor: Well, I can point you to some that presents fairly basic studies, that don’t assume much background knowledge. You’ll just need to answer a few specific questions: What was the researchers’ hypothesis? What did they want to find out? And how did they conduct their research? And then the conclusions they came to.Learning to interpret these statistics will come later.
由以上对话可知，教授认为男生只需要回答一些基本的问题，并不需要大量的背景知识，所以可以推测出她认为男生不需要担心。
Lecture 1
6.What does the professor mainly discuss?
A.Same characteristics that are common in several languages
B.A way to represent languages that are genetically related.
C.Which languages probably evolved from Proto-Indo-European
D.Linguists' opinions about why languages change over time
答案：B
解析：通过全文可知，文章开始提出有不同语言出现相似处的情况。接着，提出了出现这种情况可能出现的原因。再讲到语言学家发现的一个现象，即 Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin 可能源自于同一个源语言。之后，提出了一个树状模型展现不同语言演变于同一语言的现象。
7.What point does the professor make when she says that some languages have similar-spending words?
A.Most languages with similar-sounding words seem related but are not.
B.Eighteenth-century scholars reached an inaccurate conclusion about ancient languages.
C.There is limited information available about how ancient languages sounded.
D.There is more than one possible explanation for similarities among languages.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)And there might be several reasons why languages such as these had so much in common. Maybe it happened by chance, maybe one language was heavily influenced by borrowed words from the other. Or maybe, maybe the languages developed from the same source language long ago, that is, maybe they are genetically related, that was what happened with Sanskrit, Latin and Greek. These languages had so many similarities that it was concluded that they must have all come from the same source.
由上文可知，在提到不同语言有相同之处时，教授连续使用 maybe 阐述可能的原因，表明原因的多样。
8. What does the professor say was an important discovery in linguistics?
A. Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin had the same parent language.
B. Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin borrowed words from each other.
C. Prato-Indo-European was not a real language
D. Most languages have several Sister languages
答案：A
解析：(原文中)And talk about important discoveries in linguistics, this was certainly one of them. The scholars referred to that source language as Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Indo-European is a reconstructed language. Meaning, it is what linguists concluded a parent language of Sanskrit, Latin and Greek would have to be like.
由上文可以看出，语言学的一个重大发现就是语言学家指出 Sanskrit, Latin and Greek的parent language would have to be like。
9.Based on the discussion, what information can be shown on a tree model?
A.That several languages share a common ancestor
B.Whether a language is in the process of dying out
C.When a certain language came into existence
D.Why sister languages exist in the same geographical area
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Like a family tree that you might use to trace back through generations of ancestors, only it’s showing a family of genetically related languages instead of people. A tree model for a language family starts with one language,which wecall a mother language,for example, Proto-Indo-European. The mother language, is the line on the top of this diagram, over time, it branches off into new daughter languages, which branch into daughter languages of their own, and languages that have the same source, the same mother, are called sisters, they share a lot of characteristics, and this went on until we are looking at a big upside down tree languages like this.
由上文可以看出，语言的树状模型能够显示出不同的语言是否源自于相同的源语言。也就是选项A中所说的有共同的祖先。
10.Why does the professor mention variation within a language?
A.To reinforce a point she made about Proto-Indo-European
B.To explain the original purpose of the tree model
C.To point out information that the tree model does not show
D.To explain why tree models have become overly complicated
答案：C
解析：(原文中)But it is obviously very simplified, having a whole language represented by just one branch on a tree doesn’t really do justice to all the variations within that language.
由上文可知，树状模型并不能够展示出语言的一个分支中的所有 variations。
11.What can be inferred about the professor when she says this (复听题)
A.She is not sure what causes languages to change.
B.She does not think that languages change quickly
C.She thinks a fad she just mentioned about language might be hard to believe.
D.She thinks languages evolved differently in the past than they do now.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Another issue is that languages evolve very gradually, but the tree model makes it look like
they evolve over night, like there was a distinct moment in time when a mother language clearly broke off into daughter languages. But it seems to me it probably wasn’t quite like that.
由上文可知，树状模型展现语言的演变是件非常迅速的事，而教授自己却不认同这样的观点。
Lecture 2
12.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.Recent advances in technology used by astronomers
B.How radio astronomy has led to advances in communication technology
C.Important discoveries made by radio astronomers
D.Difficulties astronomers have in observing the universe
答案：D
解析：通听全文，教授在整个讲座中讲了两个观察天文的方法——Radio Astronomy 和 Optical Astronomy，并且阐述了两种方法在观察过程中会出现的问题。
13.What is the professor's attitude about light pollution in cities?
A.He feels that it should be carefully regulated.
B.He believes it is unfortunate
C.He thinks astronomers have not dare enough to address the issue
D.He believes that the severity of the problem is often exaggerated.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Student: Light pollution, right? From street lights and stuff...
Professor: Yes, Especially unshielded street light, you know, ones that aren’t pointed downward. Now, here’s an irony, the building we are in now, the astronomy building not far from our observatory, has unshielded lights.
Student:So the problem is pretty widespread.
Professor: It is basically beyond control, as far as expecting to view the night sky anywhere near city, I mean.
通过以上对话可知，教授在谈论到光污染问题时，提及了一个具有讽刺意味的事，并且他认为这个问题已经基本上超过了可控范围，所以他的态度应该认为这是件不幸的事。
14.According to the professor, why are radio wavesparticularly useful for astronomical observations?
Click on 2 answers
A.Some astronomical bodies emit radio waves but not visible light.
B.Radio wanes provide more information about star composition than visible light waves do.
C.Radio waves can be defected with simple equipment.
D.Radio wanes can pass through panicles in space.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)Professor: ...Nearly all astronomical objects in space emit radio waves, whether nearby stars, objects in faraway galaxies, they all give off radio waves. And unlike visible light waves, these radio waves can get through the various gases and dusts in space and through our own earth’s atmosphere comparatively easily.
从以上教授的阐述中可知，ratio waves 能在天文观察中被使用的原因：1.基本上所有的天文物体都放射 radio waves 而不是visible light ;2. ratio waves 能穿过空间中大量的 gases 和 dusts，以及通过大气层。
15.What does the professor imply is an advantage of optical astronomy over radio astronomy?
A.It allows far more precise observations.
B.It is better for making observations within our own galaxy.
C.It requires less sophisticated equipment.
D.It is not affected by the weather.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Student: Ok, then we might as well give up on optical astronomy and go with radio astronomy.
Professor: Well, the thing is, with the radio astronomy, you can’t just set up a telescope in you backyard and observe stars.
从以上对话可知，radio astronomy不能仅在后院架起望远镜即可观察，可能需要更多其他复杂的设备，所以 optical astronomy 的优势在于不需要高端的设备。
16.According to the professor, why do radio astronomers sometimes have difficulty studying very distant objects? Click on 2 answers
A.Signals from closer objects interfere with radio waves from space.
B.Particles in the atmosphere change the direction of radio waves.
C.Radio waves from space are not very strong.
D.Light waves from sources on Earth alter radio waves from distant objects
答案：AC
解析：(原文中)Professor: ...One problem is that radio waves from these far away objects, even though they can get through, are extremely faint. So we need to use radio telescopes, specially designed to receive these waves and then, well, we can use computers to create pictures based on the information we receive.
... ...
Student:Oh, so our radio waves here on earth interfere with the waves from space?
Professor : Yes, signal from radios, cell phones, TV stations, remote controls, you name it. All these things cause interference.
由以上对话可知，radio astronomers 在进行研究的时候可能遇到困难的原因是：1. radio waves特别微弱，对应C选项 2. 其他 signal 造成的干扰，对应A选项。
17.What does the professor mean when he says this: (复听题)
A.He warms to emphasize the progress that has been made in radio astronomy.
B.He thinks radio astronomy and optical astronomy both provide valuable information.
C.He does not want to spend time discussing the technology of radio telescopes.
D.He would like the students to give examples of discoveries made with radio telescopes.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Professor: And they use electronics, quite sophisticated. Yeah, it is neat how they do it, but for now why don’t we just stick with what we can learn from it.
教授介绍了 ratio astronomy 的工作原理，但是并未深入讲解，而是继续讲解学生可以从中学习的内容，所以说明教授不想花时间讲解 the technology of radio telescopes.
Section 2
Conversation 2
18.What is the conversation mainly about?
A.Changes that will be made in food choices offered to students
B.Food-safety procedures followed by the cafeteria staff
C.Issues related to the cafeteria's food policy
D.Common complaints about the food served in the cafeteria
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Student: Eh, no, I am OK with my meal plan. I am actually here about the food in the student cafeteria.
Student: : Of course. It is just that I am a little concerned, I mean, a lot of us are, that a lot of the food you serve isn’t really that healthy. Like there are so many deep-fried foods.
通过学生的这两段话并结合全文可知，对话主要讲述了关于 cafeteria 在一些食物问题，比如用油过多等一些问题。
19.According to the woman, how did some students react to the change in frying oil used in the cafeteria?
A.They said the change made the food less tasty.
B.They said the change made the food less oily.
C.They asked for information about the new oil.
D.They stopped buying fried foods.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Director: As a matter of fact, we recently changed the type of oil we use in our fryer.It is the healthiest available. And would you believe that at least ten students have already complaint that their French fries and fried chicken don’t taste as good since we switched?
对话中说至少有10个学生抱怨换油之后油炸食品的味道已经不像之前那么好了，可知正确选项为A。
20.What does the woman imply about organically grown food? Click on 2 answers
A.It is not always the best choice for the environment.
B.It is more nutritious than food that is not organically grown.
C.It is difficult to obtain from local farms regularly
D.It is served in the cafeteria almost every day
答案：AC
解析：(原文中)Director: We served only certified organic food, most of which was from local farms. It is not something we can afford to do on a daily basis, and there aren’t too many organic farms around here. But sometime the produce we offer is organically grown. It depends on the season and the prices of course.... ...
Director:I do too. But let me ask you this. Is it better to buy locally grown produce that is not certified as organic or is it better to get organically grown fruits and vegetables that must be trucked in from California, three thousand mile away? What about fossil fuels burned by the trucks’ engine.Plus the expense of shipping food across long distances. And nutritionally speaking, an apple is an apple however it is grown.
通过女士的讲解，她对有机食物只要有两个观点：1. 有机食物的提供不能做到每天供应，因为与季节和价格有关; 2.长途运输有机食物造成的燃料燃烧及装卸费用对环境来说，并不是最好的选择。
21.According to the woman, what information can be found on the cafeteria's Web site? Click on 2 answers
A.Requirements for food to be certified as organic
B.Information on where the cafeteria food comes from
C.A list of the food choices offered to students for each meal
D.The nutritional content of specific foods
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)Director: Why don’t you visit our cafeteria’s website? We list all our food suppliers. You know, where we buy the food that we serve. And the site also suggests ways to make your overall diet a healthy one. You can also find some charts listing fat and calorie content for different types of seafood, meat and the other major food groups. 在女士的讲解中，在cafeteria’s website上可获得关于where we buy the food和 nutrition content。
22.What does the man mean when he says this? (复听题)
A.He wants to make an appointment to talk to the woman's boss
B.He is satisfied with the information he has received
C.He is upset because he is being sent somewhere else.
D.He is glad the woman has promised to address his concerns.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Director: Well, we have to give choices so everyone is satisfied. But if you wish to pursue this further, I suggest that you talk to my boss.
Student:That’s OK, seems like you are doing what you can.
从男生的对话中可知，他认为这位女士已经做了她能做的工作，因此是对能获得这些信息而感到满意。
Lecture 3
23.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The effect of the tidal flow on the salt marsh
B.Ways that some plants have adapted to living in salt marshes
C.The process of osmoses in plants
D.Differences between plants that grow in salt marshes and plants that grow elsewhere
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... So how is the Spartina able to survive in an environment that would kill most plants? Well, it is because salt marsh grasses have found ways to adapt to the conditions there.
在教授以上的设问中，说出了这个讲座的主题是 Spartina 能在 salt marshes 中生活的原因，接下来的内容便是开始详细阐述。
24.What is one result of reverse osmosis in the spartina?
A.Salt from sea water strengthens the plant's cells.
B.All parts of the plant are able to receive oxygen.
C.Salt evaporates oil the stems and leaves of the plant.
D.Water is unat3le to move across the plant cell wails.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... So instead of fresh water moving out of the plant cells, salt from the seawater enters, reverse osmosis, and this actually strengthens the cells.
从教授讲解中可知，reverse osmosis可以strengthen the cells.
25.Why does the professor mention reddish mud on the roots of a spartina?
A.To illustrate the high density of salt-marsh soil
B.To explain how spartina rhizomes move through the soil
C.To point out the problems spartinas face in getting fresh water
D.To provide evidence that oxygen is present in the spartina s roots
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... If you pull up a Spartina, you might even notice some reddish mud on some of the roots, this is caused by oxygen reacting with iron sulfide in the soil, and it produces iron oxide or rust.
通过说明 Spartina 的根部会出现 reddish mud 是因为oxygen reacting with iron sulfide并产生 iron oxide or rust，由此来为 spartina 根部存在 oxygen 提供证据。
26.In what way are rhizomes important for spartinas?
A.They allow plants to remain cool in direct sunlight
B.They reduce the possibility of plants being uprooted during storms
C.They help plants in dense soil process oxygen.
D.They reduce the concentration of salt in the surrounding seawater.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... So as you might have guessed, they have developed a means of solidly anchoring themselves into the soil. How? They have tough sort of underground stems called rhizome, rhizomes from one plant grow through the muddy soil and interlock with those of other nearby plants, the plants form a kind of colony, a community that will thrive and perish together. Because alone as single plants, they cannot survive.
通过教授的阐述可知，spartinas 通过 rhizomes 能牢固的将自己固定在土壤中。
27.What can be inferred about the process that prevents spartinas from breaking in violent storms?
A.It is the same process that helps them survive being immersed in saltwater.
B.The process is also responsible for causing their air tubes to form.
C.The process sometimes damages their rhizomes.
D.Many other pants have developed a similar process.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... There is yet another aspect of the harsh environment that they have to adapt to, the force of tides and occasional violent storms. ... They have tough sort of underground stems called rhizome, ... So in addition to the interlocking underground rhizomes, they have yet another adaptation, and it is ... well, we are back to reverse osmosis again...
教授首先明确提出帮助Spartinas在猛烈暴风中生存的是rhizomes, 文中又说它们有另一种对 reverse osmosis 的适应，而 reverse osmosis 是帮助 Spartinas 在盐水中生存的。经过转换可知帮助 Spartinas 在暴风中生存的过程与帮助 Spartinas 在盐水中生存的过程相同。
28.Why does the professor say this (复听题)
A.To point out an incorrect conclusion
B.To clarify the meaning of a term
C.To admit that there is little evidence of the phenomenon she just described
D.To emphasize the difference between a fact and an opinion
答案：A
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... What’s reflecting the light is not salt from seawater that has evaporated, although that’s a good guess. But it is actually the salt that came from within the plant.
教授的讲述中很明显出现了 but 的转折，表示虽然前面是一个不错的猜想，但是结论却不正确。在 but 之后开始阐述正确的结论。
Lecture 4
29.What is the purpose of the discussion?
A.To compare the portrayal of different subjects in Cecilia Beaux’s portraits
B.To examine the influence of women artists in the nineteenth century
C.To explain how The Dreamer differs from Impressionist art
D.To demonstrate how Cecilia Beaux's point of view is reflected in her art
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Student: Well, artists have done portraits of people for centuries, of famous people and regular people, and most portraits convey the artists’ personal vision, like their feelings and insights about a person.
Professor: Great, that’s a crucial point, and I’d like to explore that a little today. A great example of that, that vision in portraiture, is Cecilia Beaux.
根据这段对话并结合全文可以看出讲座阐述的是 Cecilia Beaux这位肖像画家的作画特点及个人观点在画作中的体现。
30.What evidence does the professor cite to illustrate Cecilia Beaux's reputation as an artist? Click on 2 answers.
A.The instructors that she studied art with
B.Her role in professional art organizations
C.Her connection with an important politician's family
D.The features of her work that the Impressionists imitated
答案：BC
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... She even had portraits of the wife and children of Theodore Roosevelt, while he was president.
…
In fact, she was the first full-time female instructor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and she was a full member of the National Academy of Design. These are pretty important institutions, so, yeah, she definitely made headway for women artists.
教授通过两方面来表现 Cecilia Beaux's reputation：1. 她为一位总统的妻儿作画， 2. 她在两个非常重要的专业艺术组织当中的贡献。
31.What do the speakers say about Cecilia Beaus use of contrasting colors in the Dreamer?
A.The technique was unusual in portraits of the period.
B.The technique was used by an artist that she respected.
C.Several modem artists copied the technique.
D.The function of the technique is to unify several parts of the painting
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Student: ... But what strikes me is the contrasting colors, the white dress and the dark background. It kind of reminds me of that painting we discussed a few weeks ago, by ...eh... John Singer Sargent. I think it was called MadameX?
Professor: I agree, good point. Yes, Beaux had high regard for Sargent’s work.
从以上对话可知，一位学生认为 Cecilia Beaus use of contrasting colors 让他想起了另一个画家的画。教授紧接着对这个观点进行肯定，并且补充道 Cecilia Beaus 很欣赏他的作品。
32.What point do the speakers make about the background of The Dreamer?
A.It is a good example of Beaux's unusual style of brushstroke.
B.Resembles the backgrounds of other Beaux portraits.
C.Its lack of clarity emphasizes the theme of the painting.
D.It is meant to suggest that the woman is in a dark room.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Student: Well, the background behind the woman is pretty vague. Like, maybe there is no real context, like no definite surroundings, especially compared to the woman herself, since she is so clear and well-defined.
Professor: Yes, the unclear background definitely contributes to that dreaminess. It is meant to show a sense of isolation I think. With the woman is deep in a daydream and not really aware of anything else.
从以上对话可知，学生和教授都认为，the unclear background理使得画中人物的形象更的突出，使画的主题也显得更加鲜明。
33.Based on the discussion, what is the professor's attitude Inward portraiture?
A.The artist's technical skill is the most important aspect of a portrait.
B.An artist is seldom able to create an exact likeness of a subject.
C.A good portrait portrays the subject in are informal setting.
D.A good portrait portrays more than a physical image.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... This painting shows how insightful Cecilia Beaux was as a portrait artist. Besides her excellent technical skills, like her use of brush strokes and color to make an impression, both respective come through. Her portraits reveal her own interpretation of her subject’s state of mind. This is what it is all about, not just likenesses.
教授认为 Cecilia Beaux 是有洞察力的肖像画家，不仅是因为她精湛的绘画技巧。她的肖像画揭示了她对事物的理解，不仅仅只是相像就足够了。表示教授认为一个好的肖像画不仅仅是 a physical image。
34.Why does the professor mention the French Impressionists?
A.To identify other artists who often painted women and children
B.To point out one of the influences on Cecilia Beaux's work
C.To question the importance of Impressionism in portraiture
D.To contrast their view of art with Cecilia Beaux’s vision
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Professor: ... Now, the undefined background also shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed, like Beaux, in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter.
教授指出Cecilia Beaux's work的the undefined background是源自于 French Impressionists的影响。