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TPO43 听力 Lecture 2
1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? 【主旨目的题】
A To explain a mechanism behind the ability to approximate numbers
B To explore the connection between ability in symbolic mathematics and the ability to approximate numbers
C To show the importance of new research into the ability to solve complex mathematical problems
D To demonstrate that children, adults, and animals have a similar ability to approximate numbers
答案：B
破题关键词汇：
解析：(从1:59秒开始，原文重现：Well, it might be interesting to ask the question: Are these two abilities linked somehow? Are people who are good at approximating numbers also proficient in formal mathematics?)
此处在文中是教授的自问自答部分，很明显的提出主要研究的话题重点是两者之间的联系，对应选项B。
2. Why does the professor mention six-month-old infants? 【目的题】
A To emphasize that ANS is largely innate
B To refute the claim that symbolic mathematics is learned
C To point out the difficulty of testing mathematics ability in very young children
D To contrast the way infants learn with how older children learn
答案：A
破题关键词汇： six-month-old infants
解析：(从22秒开始，原文重现：ANS is a very basic, innate ability. It's what enables you to decide at a glance whether there're more apples than oranges on a shelf. And studies have shown that even six-month-old infants are able to use this sense to some extent. And if you think about it, you'll realize that it's an ability that some animals have as well.)
此处提到ANS是天生的能力，如六个月大的婴儿可在某种程度上运用这种感觉。对应选项A。
3. Why does the professor stress that the dots in the experiment flashed on the computer screen for only a fraction of a second?【目的题】
A To emphasize that humans’ ANS ability is more developed than that of animals
B To point out that it was not possible to complete the task using formal mathematics
C To show a contrast between the dot experiment and the color-naming experiment
D To explain, in part, how subjects were chosen for the experiment
答案：B
破题关键词汇： a fraction of a second
解析：(从2:29秒开始，原文重现：Now, these slides had varying numbers of yellow and blue dots on them. One slide might have more blue dots than yellow dots, let's say...six yellow dots and nine blue dots. The next slide might have more yellow dots than blue dots. The slide would flash just for a fraction of a second. So you know, there was no time to count the dots.)
此处提到零点几秒内这些不同颜色的点就会闪现，教授用So you know引出结论，即没有时间去数这些点，对应选项B。
4. What did researchers observe in the study of fourteen-year-old children? 【细节题】
A The children with strong ANS skills also scored well on color-naming tests
B The children were more likely to make mistakes when there were small numbers of blue and yellow dots
C The ANS skills of the children had improved over time.
D There were large differences in the ANS skills of the children tested.
答案：D
破题关键词汇： fourteen-year-old children
解析：(从3:28秒开始，原文重现：Now, maybe you are asking whether some fourteen-year-olds are just faster, faster in general, not just in math. It turns out: that's not so. We know this because the fourteen-year-olds had previously been tested in a few different areas.)
此处教授提到14岁的孩子是不是不仅在数学方面反映更快，其他方面也很快，结论表明并不是这样的。接着补充到14岁的孩子先前已经在其他不同领域都进行了实验。可以排除A选项的scored well ;B 的more likely to make mistakes ;C 的improved over time。因此正确答案为D。
5. Why does the professor mention that the subjects of the experiment were also tested in reading and word knowledge? 【目的题】
A To show that ANS skills are not linked with abilities in those areas
B To emphasize the thoroughness of the researchers
C To point out that ANS and other skills are learned in a similar way
D To contrast learned skills with innate abilities
答案：A
破题关键词汇： reading and word knowledge
解析：(从3:45秒开始，原文重现：For example, as eight-year-olds, they had been given a test of rapid color naming. That's a test to see how fast they could identify different colors. But the result didn't show a relationship with the results of the ANS test. The ones who were great at rapidly naming colors when they were eight years old weren't necessarily good at the ANS test when they were fourteen. And there was no relationship between ANS ability and skills like reading and word knowledge.)
此处用8岁孩子来举例，说明实验结论识别不同颜色和ANS测试没有太多关联，识别颜色强的孩子不一定在他们14岁的时候也擅长ANS测试。最后又强调了结论是no relationship between，对应选项A。
6. What is the professor’s opinion of using instruction in ANS to improve children's performance in formal mathematics? 【态度题】
A It is likely that instruction in ANS would lead to improvement in areas other than formal mathematics.
B It would be important for the instruction in ANS to begin when children are very young.
C It is unclear whether instruction in ANS would improve performance in formal mathematics.
D it is more likely that instruction in formal mathematics would improve children’s ANS ability.
答案：C
破题关键词汇： improve，formal mathematics
解析：(从4:45秒开始，原文重现：I mean, if someone's born with good approximate number sense, um, does that cause them to be good at math? Or the other way around: If a person develops math ability, you know, and really studies formal mathematics, does ANS somehow improve?
Those are very good questions, and I don't think they were answered in these experiments.)
此处学生提问如果某人数学能力很强且学习过传统的数学运算，他的ANS能力是否可以提高?教授的态度表明这个问题在实验中没有解答，即不确定是否能够改善ANS能力，对应选项C。
本文是托福tpo43听力答案及解析Lecture2，希望给同学们备考