TPO 34
Conversation 1
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
A.The library’s policies for its annual book sale.
B.The man’s search for material for his research project
C.How the library attempts to preserve old books
D.How students can access library books in storage
【答案】
A. The library’s policies for its annual book sale.
【解析】
学生和图书管的工作人员的对话主要围绕是否以及如何能够借annual book sale的机会从图书馆买到学生做project需要的一本书。
2. What does the woman say about the book in storage?
A. They will be put back on the shelves at some point in the future.
B. They are mostly older books that were donated to the library.
C. They can be checked out by written request.
D. They are not available for student use.
【答案】
C. They can be checked out by written request.
【解析】
原文中librarian提到了一个off-site storage,“That’s where we keep books that haven’t been used for several years. They are still in the catalog, which means they can be checked out if you fill out a form.”，答案C对这句话做了一定精简。
3. What are the criteria for deciding whether a book is put up for sale?
A. It contains outdated information.
B. The information in the book is available in other formats.
C. It has not been checked out for a number of years.
D. It has been in the collection for more than ten years.
Check on 2 answers.
【答案】
B. The information in the book is available in other formats.
C. It has not been checked out for a number of years.
【解析】
出处一“A lot of them are available in electronic format these days, even the really old ones. You know, they have been preserved that way.”这个点对应B项，即有电子版本存储的话，图书馆可能会考虑售书。
出处二“If we have more than one copy of a title and it hasn’t been checked out in a few years, in that case it might end up at the sale.”C选项就是原文内容。
4. Why does the woman mention that volunteer positions fill up quickly?
A. She is surprised that so many students are interested in volunteering.
B. She wants to emphasize that the sale will be held soon.
C. She wants to assure the man that there will be enough people working at the sale.
D. She thins the man may want to apply for one of the positions.
【答案】
D. She thins the man may want to apply for one of the positions.
【解析】
在前面的对话里管理员有说“We usually need about twenty volunteers for the sale. And well, if you volunteer, you get first shot at everything in advance.”，鉴于学生很想买一本书，而志愿者名额又少，管理员就建议他早点申请志愿者的岗位。
5. What advice does the woman give to the man about the book he wants to buy?
A. He should try to buy it from an online bookseller.
B. He should find out if there is an electronic version of it.
C. He should inform the collection department of his interest in it.
D. He should look for it in a local bookstore.
【答案】
C. He should inform the collection department of his interest in it.
【解析】
本题对应管理员最后给的建议“Now, about this particular book, it wouldn’t hurt to send a formal request to the collection department. They might be able to let you know if it would be up for sale. ”，也就是让学生先问一下馆藏部门，不必干等annual sale。
Lecture 1
6. What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain the historical conditions that inspired Dada artists
B. To discuss examples of Dada paintings and sculptures
C. To describe how Dada was presented theatrically
D. To show the influence of Dada on today’s performing artists
【答案】
C. To describe how Dada was presented theatrically
【解析】
教授一开始简介本节课程的主要内容时就说“So today I want to move beyond the visual arts and talk a bit about Dada in the performing arts, in theater.”，答案C几乎是对原文的重复。
7. Why does the professor mention a stool with a bicycle wheel mounted on top?
A. To give an example of what Dadaists were reacting against
B. To show something that Dadaists would consider beautiful
C. To illustrate how Dadaists rejected the traditional definition of art
D. To explain the Dadaists’ practice of creating sculptures from everyday objects
【答案】
C. To illustrate how Dadaists rejected the traditional definition of art
【解析】
在这一句之前教授说“So, well, you know, to a Dadaist, classical artwork was a reflection of outdated thinking!”，而a stool with a bicycle wheel就反映了Dadaist这种理念，即反对传统艺术作品的思路。
8. According to the professor, why did some Dadaist write poetry by pulling words out of a hat?
A. To reflect the randomness they saw in the world
B. To illustrate the connection between poetry performances and magic shows
C. To indicate that Dada should not be taken too seriously
D. To demonstrate that Dadaists did not need much formal training
【答案】
A. To reflect the randomness they saw in the world
【解析】
本题直接对应原文“A chance poet would pull words out of a hat and that would be…that would make up the poem! And this idea of chance and randomness was a key element of Dadaism because the whole world seemed so random to them.”划线部分说明了因果关系。
9.What does the professor identify as aspects of traditional play?
A. Characters each have their own motivation.
B. A plot is developed.
C. The play consists of several acts.
D. Actors ignore the audience.
Click on 2 answers.
【答案】
B. A plot is developed.
D. Actors ignore the audience.
【解析】
出处一“There’s no real plot development here like you’d find in the traditional theatrical performance.”对应答案B，传统的剧场表演中没有情节的展开。
出处二“The action’s self-contained. The actors act as if there is no one watching, right? It’s like a world unto itself.”对应答案D，传统戏剧的演员都是以自己的表演为主，而不那么重视观众。
10. According to the professor, what contributed to the chaotic nature of the performances at the Cabaret Voltaire?
A. There were no professional actors.
B. The script was torn up and allowed to fall to the floor during the performance.
C. Different art forms shared the same stage.
D. The performances varied from night to night.
Click on 2 answers.
【答案】
C. Different art forms shared the same stage.
D. The performances varied from night to night.
【解析】
出处一“every night would be different, because there would be a different audience and a different set of acts and displays.”划线部分直接对应答案D，即每晚的表演都不一样。
出处二“... and no barriers between kinds of art either. Think about it: poetry, paintings, music, dance…all on the same stage and often at the same time!”划线部分对应答案C，艺术形式多样化是chaotic nature之一。
11. Why does the professor say this:
重听句：I suppose you just have to call them shows
A. He does not approve of all the aspects of the shows.
B. He does not think the events can be easily defined.
C. He does not consider the shows to be authentic Dada.
D. He does not know enough about the events to categorize them.
【答案】
B. He does not think the events can be easily defined.
【解析】
教授在这句话之前向学生们提及Dadaist ideas新颖的展现方式时有说过“I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events”，因为Dadaist的风格无法按照传统的分类划分，也许也只能“call them shows”。?
Lecture 2
12. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. A new use for methane gas produced in landfills
B. Environmental regulations regarding the management of organic wastes
C. Removing bacteria from landfills and wastewater treatment plants
D. A potentially useful technology for managing organic wastes
【答案】
D. A potentially useful technology for managing organic wastes
【解析】
教授在引入本节内容的时候说到“So today I want to talk about a technology that offers a potential solution to the problem—Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion, or APS digestion.”，直接对应答案D。
13. What is the professor’s opinion about the use of landfills to manage solid organic waste?
A. Landfills should be expanded to accommodate more types of waste.
B. Landfills are not a suitable long-term solution for solid organic waste disposal.
C. Landfills should be built farther away from population centers.
D. Landfills would be an effective means of recycling solid organic waste from farms.
【答案】
B. Landfills are not a suitable long-term solution for solid organic waste disposal.
【解析】
对于landfills的解决方法，教授的评价是“It’s a growing problem!”，也给出了简单的解释“Quite simply, we are running out of space to put our garbage”可见，landfills并不是处理垃圾的长久之计。
14. What does the professor imply about processing solid organic waste in equipment designed for processing wastewater?
A. It is an economical way to process solid waste.
B. It is practical only for treating large amounts of solid waste.
C. It is not an efficient way to process solid waste.
D. It could reduce the cost of treating wastewater.
【答案】
C. It is not an efficient way to process solid waste.
【解析】
教授在对比APS digestion system和处理废水用的anaerobic digestion system时指出了两者的优劣：anaerobic system“are huge tanks that hold thousands of gallons of wastewater”——要占用大量空间;而APS则“are small enough to be set up on site, where the waste is generated”，也就是说更为便捷。可见处理废水的系统并不适用于处理垃圾。
15. What does the professor suggest about methane and hydrogen gas?
A. They have beneficial uses if harnessed and contained.
B. They are destroyed in a later stage of APS processing.
C. They are both extracted during the first phase of APS digestion.
D. They are necessary to activate the anaerobic digestion process.
【答案】
A. They have beneficial uses if harnessed and contained.
【解析】
学生提问“Aren’t hydrogen and methane gas bad for the environment though?”，教授回答“The gases are captured and can be burned to produce electricity, which saves a lot of money and ultimately decreases our need for fuels like petroleum and coal, which are not only expensive but are also polluting.”可见，这些gases是益处颇多的。
16. According to the professor, what are two advantages of APS digestion systems?
A. They can eliminate the need to transport the waste material.
B. They can handle both organic and nonorganic waste.
C. They can turn waste into fuel for electrical power generation.
D. They can be monitored efficiently from one central location.
Click on 2 answers.
【答案】
A. They can eliminate the need to transport the waste material.
C. They can turn waste into fuel for electrical power generation.
【解析】
出处一“So garbage doesn’t have to be transported long distances.”——教授在对比APS和anaerobic system时提到过APS随处可建，这一点就节省了运输成本。
出处二结合15题的分析“produce electricity”可以得出答案。
17. What does the professor say is a promising focus for future research into APS digestion systems?
A. Trying to find a way to reduce the size of the APS containers
B. Trying to set up a demonstration project with a university
C. Determining whether food scraps from restaurants can be used in the systems.
D. Determining the most efficient combination of anaerobic bacteria
【答案】
D. Determining the most efficient combination of anaerobic bacteria
【解析】
在Lecture最后教授说到“So what are the most efficient bacteria in the process? If researchers can figure that out, the highest performing bacteria mix for a system could be determined.”划线部分可以直接出答案。
?
Conversation 2
1.What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A.A short story the woman has written.
B.A short story that was discussed in class.
C.The autobiography of Eudora Welty
D.Features of short stories written by famous authors
【答案】
B. A short story that was discussed in class.
【解析】
对话背景是学生因为生病没有去上课，现在去找教授问课堂的内容，而story就是该课重点“we discussed the story that you have been assigned to read for class.”。
2.Why does the professor mention O. Henry’s story, “The Gift of the Magi,” and William Faulkner’s story, “The Bear”?
A.To suggest that the woman read these stories before writing her own story
B.To remind the woman to listen to recordings of these stories
C.To contrast Welty’s story with other types of stories
D.To point out that Welty particularly liked these stories
【答案】
C. To contrast Welty’s story with other types of stories
【解析】
教授在学生评价了Welty的故事后例举了O’ Henry 和 Faulkner的故事说明了Welty和其他两位的作品风格明显不同“There’s no surprise ending like in O. Henry’s story The Gift of the Magi or some big adventure like in Faulkner’s The Bear.”。
3.Why does the woman mention walking in the woods?
A.It is the possible topic of a story she will write.
B.It is what she does to get inspiration for writing.
C.It is an activity that she enjoys very much.
D.D. It is the setting of her favorite short story.
【答案】
A. It is the possible topic of a story she will write.
【解析】
对于学生们要写的故事，教授希望“you don’t need to write about the great exciting world when you write you stories. Even writing about a memory can work.”，而这个学生则选择了她自己在从众散步的经历去写故事。
4.What point does the professor make when he mentions the interview with Welty and her autobiography?
A.Welty tells some stories in the interview that are confirmed in the autobiography
B.Welty believed that the elements of surprise was essential to a good story
C.Welty’s best stories are set in Mississippi.
D.Welty thought life in Mississippi was not very exciting.
【答案】
C. Welty’s best stories are set in Mississippi.
【解析】
Welty在采访和自传里都说过对于她不熟悉的人或地方，她都没有办法写出好的东西，而她能够驾驭的素材都是她很熟悉的，其中大部分故事背景都是在她的家乡Mississippi。这里教授提及采访和自传也是为了引出这个点。
5.What was the student’s reaction to Welty’s story after first reading it?
A.She was surprised by some of the main character’s memories.
B.She was annoyed that the story was so short.
C.She was found that thoughts of the main character to be uninteresting.
D.She had expected more action in the story.
【答案】
D. She had expected more action in the story.
【解析】
学生说她第一次读的感受就是“it just seemed like there was nothing going on in the story.”，故事的展开有些“平淡无奇”，推断学生期待more action。?
Lecture 3
6.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The effect of agriculture on pollinators.
B.Threats to the pollination cycle in tropical rain forests
C.The relationship between plants and their pollinators
D.Various plant species in tropical rain forests that attract pollinators
【答案】
C. The relationship between plants and their pollinators
【解析】
直接对应开篇第一句“When we talk about pollination ecology, we are talking about the relationship between a plant and its pollinator.”，接下来都是在分析二者的关系。
7.What does the professor say is the ideal pollinator for a plant?
A.A pollinator that pollinate the plant during the pollinator’s migration
B.A pollinator that is hungry and moves quickly
C.A pollinator that feeds on a variety of plants
D.A pollinator that moves slowly from flower to flower
【答案】
B. A pollinator that is hungry and moves quickly
【解析】
对应原文“From the plants’ perspective, the ideal pollinator is an animal that is under-fed, ready to eat and in a hurry”划线部分分别对应答案中关键词hungry和moves quickly。
8.According to the professor, what are some features of a flowering plant that can affect how attractive it is to pollinators?
A.The distance between the plants that have open flowers
B.The duration of the plan’s flowering cycle
C.The amount of water the plant recently received
D.The number of flowers that bloom at the same time
【答案】
B. The duration of the plan’s flowering cycle
D. The number of flowers that bloom at the same time
【解析】
关于pollination的影响因素，教授提出了三个：①when and how often a plan flowers;②how long the flowering cycle lasts;③the number of flowers that open at the same time。答案BD对应了②③。
9.Why does the professor mention bats?
A.To emphasize that mammals can also be pollinators
B.To help explain the role of flower color in attracting pollinators
C.To suggest that bats are not efficient pollinators
D.To explain why some bats do not benefit from flowers that bloom only at night
【答案】
B. To help explain the role of flower color in attracting pollinators
【解析】
教授以bats举例，说明了颜色对于pollination的影响，“For example, flowers that attract bats tend to be green or cream-colored, because visibility is important.”
10.According to the lecture, what can be inferred about a royal water lily whose flowers are red?
A.Its flowers have already been pollinated.
B.Beetles are trapped inside of its flowers.
C.Its flowers will soon increase in temperature.
D.Its flowers have just closed.
【答案】
A. Its flowers have already been pollinated.
【解析】
“When a beetle arrives at the flower, the flower closes around it for about 24 hours so that the beetle becomes covered with pollen. Then when the flower opens, its color changes to red and it cools down.”当授粉完成之后，water lily的花色会由白变红。
11.What is the professor’s opinion about the effect of agriculture on pollination ecology?
A.She fears the effect may be more widespread than previously believed.
B.She believes the effects will ultimately prove to be beneficial.
C.She thinks the harmfulness of agriculture may be overstated.
D.She is surprised there is so little research on the subject.
【答案】
C. She thinks the harmfulness of agriculture may be overstated.
【解析】
教授先提出人们普遍认为农业对于pollination有害，并辅以常见的一些害处，但后来教授指出“plant-pollinator relationships are more adaptable to change than we thought”，其实是人们低估了授粉关系的适应和进化能力，最后暗示了危害影响也许是人们多虑了“So really it is hard to know just how agriculture affects the pollination of plants.”。
Lecture 4
12.What are the main topics that the class discusses?
A.New and innovative ways to market jazz recordings
B.The successful introduction of a major product change
C.An organizational model for managers to consider
D.Appropriate standards for evaluating a musical performance
Click on 2 answers
【答案】
B. The successful introduction of a major product change
C. An organizational model for managers to consider
【解析】
出处一学生回答教授提问时“Starting on the left, the new innovation, let’s say it’s a new product.”
出处二教授与学生的问答围绕“Miles Davis as the leader of this group, how did he organize and manage all these incredible talent?”
13.What do the speakers indicate can be represented by the S-curve graph?
A.The typical pattern of sales for a product
B.The flow of a music composition
C.The general popularity of jazz in the 1950s
D.The recent increase in sales for a classic jazz album
【答案】
A. The typical pattern of sales for a product
【解析】
教授提问“How this S-curve represents the life cycle of innovation?”，学生详解了S-curve模式下产品销售的模式：从无人知晓到知名度渐高然后到达峰值后盈利减少，增长减缓至平稳(趋零)。
14.How did jazz fans react to Miles Davis’ album Kind of Blue?
A.Most did not notice that his style had changed.
B.Some were disappointed about how his style had changed.
C.Many were inspired to try to become jazz musicians.
D.Many bought the album, making it a huge commercial success.
Click on 2 answers
【答案】
B. Some were disappointed about how his style had changed.
D. Many bought the album, making it a huge commercial success.
【解析】
此问就是教授问学生的问题，学生的回答即答案“Well…some were disappointed, even angry that he’d abandon his old style. But soon most of his fans came around and this new style appealed to a whole new group of jazz listeners”。
15.Based on Miles Davis’ approach to recording Kind of Blue, what does the professor imply managers should do in running a business?
A.Master the complexities of each task before asking anyone else to perform it.
B.Hire very capable people and give them the freedom to make their own decisions.
C.Try to sense what the public is comfortable with and then provide it.
D.Plan all details carefully and make sure that the plan is followed.
【答案】
B. Hire very capable people and give them the freedom to make their own decisions.
【解析】
教授在分析Davis的成功模式时指出“give each of these star performers, one by one, the creative freedom to really show what they could do with it on their own instrument”以及“So Miles Davis gets credit for recruiting the best jazz talent anywhere and getting them to collaborate on a fantastic musical product. ”同时暗示“Everyone see the business parallels here? ”。划线部分是答案要点，也是经营所需的共同点。
16.What lessons can be learned from the example about a mistake during a musical performance?
A.Performances of the highest quality require extensive practice.
B.Making mistakes hurts not just the individual, but the entire group.
C.When people work well together, mistakes can result in positive outcomes.
D.Leaders need to ensure that group members do not make mistakes.
【答案】
C. When people work well together, mistakes can result in positive outcomes.
【解析】
学生的分析“And this mistake came out like just another unexpected creative interpretation.”得到了教授的认同“great insight”，C选项是划线的改写。
17.What is the professor encouraging the student to do when she says this:
重听句：stay with me here
A.Continue the discussion with her
B.Remain seated in the front of the classroom
C.Wait patiently to see how the professor’s question relates to the lesson
D.Remain open-minded while listening to another point of view
【答案】
C. Wait patiently to see how the professor’s question relates to the lesson
【解析】
教授在讲管理学相关的课程，突然问学生“You like Jazz, right?”，学生非常惊讶“Huh?! Uh…yeah…sure! But…what?!”，教授暗示学生继续听他讲，接下来的话题和课程所讲有关系。