托福听力TPO7艺术

2022-06-02 06:04:39

  

  TPO 7 Lecture 1 Theater History

  Pro: The 19 century was the time that thought what we called: Realism

  developing in European in theater. Um… to understand this though, we first

  need to look at the early form of drama known as the well-made play, which

  basically was a pattern for constructing plays, plays that the beginning with

  some early 19 century’s comedies in France proved very successful

  commercially. The dramatic devises use here word actually anything new, they

  have been around for centuries. But the formula for well-made play required

  certain elements being included, in a particular order, and most importantly,

  that everything in the plays be logically connected. In fact, some of the player

  writes would start by writing the end of the play. And the word “backward”

  toward the beginning, just to make sure each event let logically from what has

  gone before. Ok, what are the necessary elements of well-made play?

  Well, the first is logical exposition. Exposition is whatever background

  information you have to review to the audience. So, they all understand what is

  going on. Before this time, exposition might come from the actors simply giving

  speeches. Someone might watch out the stage and see: “lyric quotation”. And

  until all about the felting family of Romeo and Julie, but for the well-made play,

  even the exposition had to be logic, believable. So, for example, you might

  have two servants gossiping as they are cleaning the house. And one says, Oh,

  what a shame master sound still not married. And the other might mention that

  a rumor about the mysterious a gentle men who just moved into the town with

  his beautiful daughter. These comments are parts of the play logical

  exposition.

  The next key elements of the well-made play refer to as the inciting incidents.

  After we have the background information, we need a king moment to get

  things moving, they really make the audience interested in what is happened

  to the characters we just heard about it. So, for example, after the two servants

  review all this background information, we need the young man. Just is he first

  lies eyes on the beautiful woman, and he immediately falls in love. This is the

  inciting incidence. It sets off, the plot of the play.

  Now, the plot of well-made plays is usually driven by secrets. Things, the

  audiences know, but the characters often don’t know. So, for example, the

  audience learned through a letter or through someone else’s conversation.

  Who is the mysterious gentle man is, and why he left the town many years

  before. But the young man doesn’t know about this. And the woman doesn’t

  understand the ancient connection between her family and he is. Before the

  secret are reviewed to the main character, the plot of the play perceived as the

  series of the sorts of the up and down moments. For example, the woman first

  appears not to even notice the young man, and it seems to him like the end of

  the world. But then, he learns that the she actually wants to meet him too. So,

  life is wonderful. Then, if he tries to talk with her, maybe her father get furious,

  for no apparent reason. So, they cannot see each other. But, just the young

  man has almost loved all hopes, he finds out, well you get the idea, the

  reversal the fortune continue, increasing the audience’s tension and

  excitement. They can wonder that everything is going to come out or care it

  not.

  Next come in, elements known as the: An obligatory scene. It’s scene, a

  moment in which all the secrets are reviewed. In generally, things turn out well

  for the hero and others we are care about, a happy ending of some sorts. This

  became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in every play

  which is why is called: the obligatory scene. And that’s followed by the final

  dramatic element---the denouement or the resolution, when all the lucent have

  to be tight up in the logical way. Remember, the obligatory scene gives the

  audience emotional pleasure. But the denouement offers the audience a

  logical conclusion. That’s the subtle distinction we need to try very hard to

  keep in mind. So, as I said, the well-made play, this form of playwriting,

  became the base for realism in drama, and for a lot of very popular 19 century

  plays. And also, a pattern we find in plots of later many play, and even movies

  that we see it today.

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