Conversation 1
1.Why does the student go to the employment office?
A.To get feedback from his previous supervisor
B.To try to have his work hours reduced
C.To find out about getting an on-campus job
D.To compare various job offers that he has received
Q1
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Student: Yeah, I’m not exactly sure … But for this year, well, that’s what I want to ask about.
Employee: Oh. How come you waited so long to come in? You know how fast campus jobs fill up, if you had come in earlier, you probably would have gotten the library job again. I mean since you have the experience from last year, you don't need the training and all, but it’s been filled now.
解析：在就业处的员工认出学生，且寒暄几句关于学生去年在art library的工作之后，学生说工作问题也是我想问的(But后为重要信息)，而且员工继续说，你要是早点来的话，可能就又能得到图书馆的工作了，但是你知道学校的工作职位招满是很快的。这些信息可以推断学生是为了学校的工作职位来的。
2.Why does the university employee seem surprised at the student’s request for on-campus jobs?
A.Because she knows he is interested in off-campus jobs
B.Because she expected him to apply earlier in the semester
C.Because she knows he recently quit an on-campus job
D.Because she thought he already had an on-campus job
Q2
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Employee: Oh. How come you waited so long to come in? You know how fast campus jobs fill up, if you had come in earlier, you probably would have gotten the library job again. I mean since you have the experience from last year, you don't need the training and all, but it’s been filled now.
解析：员工得知学生是来找工作职位的，直接问了句：那你为什么等了这么久才来呢?你知道这些职位空缺非常快就招满了，员工的意思是，你既然之前在图书馆工作过，你有过这些经验，懂这些情况，你应该早点申请的，但是现在人都满了，已经晚了。对应选项B。
3.What does the student imply about the job he had at the library last year?
A.It did not require as much training as jobs in restaurants.
B.It did not pay as well as jobs in restaurants.
C.It offered a flexible work schedule for students.
D.It convinced him to become a librarian in the future.
Q3
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Student: Yeah, I know, but I had planned to get a job working at a restaurant off-campus this year. I really need to make more money than I did last year and working as a waiter, there is always the tips. But I’ve tried a ton of places but I haven’t found anything. I know it’s really late.
解析：在学生听到员工说自己怎么没早来申请的时候，学生解释说其实自己原本是打算找一个校外的工作的，因为他需要挣更多的钱，像做侍应生这样的，总是有小费什么的，只不过他非常努力尝试过，却没有找到，再来申请学校里的工作就迟了。
4.Why does the student mention his friend Suzanne?
A.To compare his restaurant job with her job at the photograph lab
B.To suggest that he wants to work with her
C.To explain why students do not want to have janitorial jobs
D.To explain why he thinks there is a job opening
Q4
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Student: Could you possibly check? I know it’s a long shot, but my friend Susan, she takes photography classes in Harrison Hall and she sort of thought there might be an opening in the janitorial staff.
解析：学生提到自己的朋友Susan，说到她认为可能有janitorial staff的空缺。进一步解释为什么他自己认为有职位空缺，因为他是听朋友说的。
5.What can be inferred about the woman when she says this: ?
A.She believes that there is no way to confirm that information.
B.She is concerned about information security.
C.She doubts the accuracy of the information.
D.She does not find the information helpful.
Q5
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Employee: Why does your friend, the photography student think she has information about a janitorial staff opening? I’m pretty sure those jobs are filled. In fact, I remember taking lots of applications for them. Let me double check it online.
解析：员工的意思是：学生的朋友，作为一个摄影专业的学生，怎么会知道有清洁工的职位空缺呢?意思就是对这个信息来源表示怀疑，但是后来员工也非常礼貌地表示愿意帮学生再在网上查一遍，所以选择C选项，排除A选项。
Lecture 1
1.What aspect of Georgia O’Keeffe’s work do the speakers mainly discuss?
A.The kinds of objects that she selected for her paintings
B.The influence of her painting style on photography
C.The major abstract elements in her photographs
D.The techniques that contributed to her distinctive style
Q1
正确答案：D
定位原文：
But that painting and some of her other paintings do reveal the influence of photography…
Now, those techniques were certainly around and being used by photographers then but just in photographs, which were smaller, not as big as what O’Keefe, was painting…
But that painting and some of her other paintings do reveal the influence of photography, like she would crop her images … like you might see today of a person or a flower in a photograph…
Now, O’Keeffe wasn’t the first artist to create an abstract interpretation of a real object, but she used that approach to express her experience of the object she was painting.
解析：学生全程跟professor聊O’Keefe，先说了她更倾向于是个painter而非photographer，她的画作显示了受到了photography的影响，然后讲述她创作的方法，拜师后形成了自己的风格手法，将真实的事物抽象化表达，作品呈现出摄影特写的特征。结合选项，选择D。
2.According to the professor, what characteristics of Large Dark Red Leaves on White indicate that it could not be a photograph? Click on 2 answers.
A.It depicts leaves in a setting that appears to be abstract.
B.It is larger than most photographs of the time.
C.It shows less realistic detail than a photograph does.
D.It included colors that could not have been reproduced in a photograph.
Q2
正确答案：B D
定位原文：
When she did that painting, color film hadn’t even been invented yet, neither had the right technology to blow pictures up that big to show that much detail.
Now, those techniques were certainly around and being used by photographers then but just in photographs, which were smaller, not as big as what O’Keefe, was painting.
解析：在O’Keefe创作那副作品时，彩色胶片还没有被发明，所以还没有技术去放大画图，展示更多的细节，这点对应D;which were smaller, not as big as what O’Keefe, was painting—对应B选项。
3.According to the professor, what principles did Arthur Wesley Dow emphasize in his art classes? Click on 2 answers.
A.Focusing on simple forms
B.Using color to reveal the essence of an object
C.Separating a form from its natural surroundings
D.Exaggerating the size of a form
Q3
正确答案：A C
定位原文：
Also, O’Keeffe studied under an artist named Arthur Wesley Dow. That’s Dow, D-O-W, who advocated focusing on simple basic forms like the lines of a flower and its petals. And he wanted forms to be isolated from their original settings.
解析：原文中的focusing on simple basic forms 和A选项相互对应;forms to be isolated from their original settings 和C选项对应，setting 和选项中的surroundings 属于同义表达。
4.In his discussion of O’Keeffe’s style, why does the professor describe Large Dark Red Leaves on White?
A.To give an example of a painting that was copied from a photograph
B.To give an example of an abstract interpretation of real objects
C.To point out that some of O’Keeffe’s subjects were represented in their natural setting
D.To point out the similarities between O’Keeffe’s works and works of other artists
Q4
正确答案：B
定位原文：
O’Keeffe liked to create abstract interpretations of real objects. In the painting Jenifer mentioned, Large Dark Red Leaves on White, in addition to exaggerating the size of the leaf, O’Keeffe juxtaposes it against a silver or whitish background so that’s more of an abstract setting for it and so on.
解析：在professor描述Large Dark Red Leaves on White这个作品之前，说到She liked to create abstract interpretations of real objects.相当于提出一个观点，然后举例论证了一下，abstract interpretations of real objects在原文重现，对应B选项。
5.According to the professor, what effect did O’Keeffe expect her paintings to have on viewers?
A.The paintings would create the same personal associations as they did for O’Keeffe.
B.The paintings would make people see ordinary things in a new way.
C.The paintings would mistakenly be seen as photographs.
D.The paintings would inspire an appreciation for nature.
Q5
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Now, O’Keeffe wasn’t the first artist to create an abstract interpretation of a real object, but she used that approach to express her experience of the object she was painting. So she presented a vision that people hadn’t seen before. It’s unique. It’s compelling. She didn’t expect other people to experience the object the way she did. She knew they’d look at her painting and hang their own associations on it, which is proof for artwork in general, I think.
解析：原文说到O’Keeffe 用自己的绘画手法来表达自己特有的对事物的体验，这种视角之前人们是没有看到过的，但她并不期待其他人能够体会她对所创作画作的事物能有一样的体验，她知道看画的人肯定带有自己的联想。也就是人们会又以新的角度对写实事物的画作进行欣赏，对应B选项。
6.Why does the professor say this:
A.To emphasize a point that he made earlier about O’Keeffe’s works
B.To emphasize that the student should have observed the painting more closely
C.To indicate that the student’s conclusion about O’Keeffe was not foolish
D.To indicate that he had not understood the student’s point about the painting
Q6
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Jenifer: I thought she was a photographer, too. I mean, I just saw one of her photographs in a museum the other day. I think it was called Red Leaves on White or something like that.
Professor: Oh, right. Large Dark Red Leaves on White is the complete title. It’s a fairly well-known painting by O’Keefe.
Jenifer: Oh, okay. What was I thinking! I guess I should have had a closer look.
Professor: No. No. That’s a really good observation.
解析：学生说我还以为她是个photographer呢，因为之前在博物馆里看到了一副她的作品(此时默认这个作品是photograph，其实是painting)，然后学生说了一个自己凭借印象的模糊的名字，professor纠正了她，说了正确的名字，还说是个非常有名的painting，学生以为自己连作品是painting还是photograph这个问题都没有看出来，觉得错的很不好意思，老师说，不不，你观察的很好。老师之所以这么说，是因为后文阐述了O’Keefe的画作的确有摄影作品的风格特征，恰恰说明了学生的观察和判断是很有代表性的，所以对应C选项，不是A选项，不是其他。
Lecture 2
1.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.Ways to determine the ages of volcanic islands
B.Criteria for classifying various types of volcanoes
C.Explanations for why volcanoes occur in some locations
D.Methods for measuring magma produced by volcanoes
Q1
正确答案：C
定位原文：
…And we said that most of the world's volcanoes occur at the boundaries of these tectonic plates…
So, how do we explain these volcanic anomalies, these exceptions to the general rule?
But what causes the hot spots? ...
…the plume hypothesis. According to this hypothesis…
… But one well-regarded theory is the crack hypothesis, which assumes that hot spots are created…
解析：全文按顺序在探讨：1.火山的一般成因;2. 违背一般成因的特例解释;含一个理论解释;3. 另一解释火山形成的流行理论。所以基本问题全是围绕火山爆发的成因，各种解释理论和原因。对应选项，只能选择C选项。
2.According to the professor, why was the hot spot theory originally proposed?
A.To explain prolonged volcanic activity far from plate boundaries
B.To explain why volcanoes form both on land and in the ocean
C.To explain variations in the amounts of magma produced by volcanoes
D.To explain why volcanoes may become inactive after millions of years
Q2
正确答案：A
定位原文：
But some volcanoes occur not at the edges, but in the middle of a continental or oceanic plate… So, how do we explain these volcanic anomalies, these exceptions to the general rule? ... and they're the cause of these volcanoes.
解析：热点理论原本是因为什么提出的呢?hot spot theory这个信息最先出现在professor提出的问题：So, how do we explain these volcanic anomalies, these exceptions to the general rule? 之后，违背上文所述的火山爆发一般理论的，特例的火山爆发该如何解释呢?是hot spot theory。前文说到一般火山爆发出现在地壳板块的边界，但是特例的火山爆发却离地壳板块边界很远。对应A选项的解释。
3.Why does the professor describe moving a sheet of heavy paper over a candle?
A.To clarify that plumes do not produce great amounts of heat
B.To describe an experiment he would like the students to conduct
C.To illustrate one hypothesis for the way some volcanic anomalies are formed
D.To emphasize the thinness of some of Earth’s tectonic plates
Q3
正确答案：C
定位原文：
According to this hypothesis, plumes, uh, basically columns of extremely hot magma. These plumes well up from deep inside … in the paper.
解析：这其实是原文中的为了解释plume hypothesis理论的一个比喻，把plumes，也就是columns of extremely hot magma比作burning candle，把a sheet of heavy paper比作tectonic plate。
4.Why does the professor discuss how high one of the Hawaiian Islands rises above the ocean floor?
A.To provide evidence supporting the plume hypothesis
B.To compare the Hawaiian Island to other volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean
C.To point out a common difference between volcanic mountains and other types of mountains
D.To emphasize that hotspot volcanoes can produce large amounts of magma
Q4
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Incidentally, volcanic islands … whole chain of islands.
解析：在说到这部分信息的最后一句提到：So, you can imagine the huge amounts of magma, or lava, they've flowed up to form even just this one island, much less the whole chain of islands. 可见hotspot volcanoes产生的岩浆量之多。
5.According to the crack hypothesis, what causes a hot spot?
A.Hot magma rises from deep in Earth to melt a piece of the crust.
B.Hot magma flows out through a break in the side of an active volcano.
C.Hot magma flows up through spaces created between tectonic plates as they move.
D.Hot magma flows up at a point where a tectonic plate has been stretched thin.
Q5
正确答案：D
定位原文：
But one well-regarded theory is the crack hypothesis, which assumes that hot spots are created when a piece of the crust gets stretched thinner and thinner and the resulting stress causes small cracks to open up at weak spots in the crust, and it's through these cracks that magma pushes up to form volcanoes.
解析：crack hypothesis的解释就是从which assumes 开始，地壳壁因为拉伸变得越来越薄，单位面积承受的压力引起了裂缝，这样的裂缝就变成了地壳的薄弱点，然后岩浆从这样的裂缝冲出来就形成了火山。
6.What is the professor’s opinion of the two main hypotheses he presents?
A.Neither hypothesis can explain the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
B.Each hypothesis accounts for some, but not all volcanic anomalies.
C.Each hypothesis explains the formation of more volcanoes than plate tectonics does.
D.The studies supporting the crack hypothesis are more convincing than those supporting the plume hypothesis.
Q6
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Proponents of the crack hypothesis consider this a widespread phenomenon and believe that magma's not coming up from deep within the Earth's interior, … Could a series of random cracks produce that same particular string of Islands that's sequenced so neatly from old to young? You know, it worries me when a theory depends on coincidence to produce results.
解析：作者的态度重点在最后三句，意思是理论能完美解释我们已经知道的板块构造论，但是怎么用来解释Hawaiian Islands呢?随机产生的裂缝怎么能形成排列如此整齐的特定群岛呢?理论总是依据偶然产生的结果是很让人担心的。意思就是两种理论都在某一层面能够说得通，但是没有一种理论能够用来解释所有特例，所以都不是足以能让人信服的。结合选项，只能选择B。
Conversation 2
1.What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A.Whether the student should specialize in English drama or in Polish literature
B.Whether the student should take an advanced course in Polish drama
C.Whether the student can learn about Polish history by taking courses in Polish literature
D.How the student can improve his Polish language skills
Q1
正确答案：B
定位原文：
Student: Hi, Professor, I was hoping to ask you a few questions about the class you’re teaching next semester—the course on Polish drama. I was thinking of taking it.
…
Student: No, that’s the thing. I was just wondering how good my Polish would have to be, whether the class is taught in Polish or not.
解析：学生一直在说自己想上Polish drama的课程，来询问professor是否用polish授课，且想了解自己需要把Polish学到什么水平才可以上课。Literature是后面professor提供给学生建议时说到的，结合选项，只能选择B选项。
2.According to the professor, what will students do in her class? Click on 2 answers.
A.Perform scenes from Polish plays
B.Translate Polish texts into English
C.Use the Polish language in class discussions
D.Watch recorded performances of Polish plays
Q2
正确答案：C D
定位原文：
Professor: Well, you’d have to have some knowledge of it ... but it’s pretty common for the discussions to kind of move in and out of English and Polish…
Professor: To be honest with you, you have to realize we’ll be watching videos of performances and maybe if we can swing it, even watch a live performance and even those won’t necessarily be in translation. Also, texts are sometimes available in translation but even then, some references will be to the original. I’d hope you’d be fairly confident in reading.
解析：第一个定位信息后的but it’s pretty common for the discussion…的信息对应C选项;第二个定位信息对应D选项，注意professor说的是戏剧和表演的字母文本有时候有英文翻译，但是有一些参考文献的就是Polish原文的，和本身学生做翻译是两回事儿。
3.Why is the student interested in the professor’s class? Click on 2 answers.
A.He wants to learn about his family background.
B.He already has the language skills needed for the class.
C.The professor has a reputation as an expert on Poland.
D.The course is related to the student’s intended course of study.
Q3
正确答案：A D
定位原文：
Student: Not so great. It’s just that my father is from there; so I am interested in learning about, you know, Polish history, Polish culture. Plus I am studying drama. I’ll probably major in it. I love plays, so I thought your course might be perfect.
解析：学生提到自己的父亲来自波兰，应该是受到这样的影响，才会多想去了解Polish history之类的，提到的这一点结合选项，也只能选择A;另外学生在学习drama，也热爱戏剧，所以综上所述的两点选择Polish drama。
4.What does the professor think the student should do?
A.Take a Polish language course, then take a Polish drama class
B.Take a Polish language course, then take a survey of Polish literature
C.Take a Polish drama course and a literature course at the same time
D.Take a survey course in Polish literature before taking a Polish drama course
Q4
正确答案: D
定位原文：
Professor: You know what? I believe that they’ll be offering a survey course on Polish literature. Let me check here. Yes, I thought it was being offered this time. Professor Geworski is teaching it. Let’s see. It covers the major works, you know, epic romantic poetry, the novels, and it does cover one or two plays.
解析：professor之前跟学生讲了在上这个课程的时候，可能要求很强的阅读能力，然后学生说“it sounds totally over my head.”意思就是：听起来我可能hold不住，我晕头转向了。这时候professor来提出的建议a survey course，在后文还说道这个survey course是如何能够帮助到学生。
5.What does the professor imply when she says this:
A.Many of her students find it easier to read Polish than to speak it.
B.The student will probably enjoy the plays her class will read.
C.She is concerned that the student may not be able to read Polish.
D.The student will quickly gain confidence in his ability to read Polish.
Q5
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Professor: To be honest with you, you have to realize we’ll be watching videos of performances and maybe if we can swing it, even watch a live performance and even those won’t necessarily be in translation. Also, texts are sometimes available in translation but even then, some references will be to the original. I’d hope you’d be fairly confident in reading.
Student: To be honest, it sounds totally over my head.
解析：professor如实向学生介绍了上Polish drama课程的时候一些课程内容，告知学生以他的情况参加这个课程，有可能最大的障碍是reading，所以她委婉地说：我真的希望你对自己的阅读能力非常有信心。言下之意，这门课对reading的要求还是比较高的，你觉得你能行吗?结合选项选择C。
Lecture 3
1.What is the professor mainly discussing?
A.Different ways that scientists use the term “symbiosis”
B.A specific kind of symbiotic relationship between organisms
C.A butterfly species that competes with another insect species
D.Reasons why symbiosis is considered a subtyle of mutualism
Q1
正确答案：B
定位原文：全文
解析：全文的脉络非常清晰，现提出symbiosis的概念，和mutualism的概念区别，然后讲述了a case of mutualism 来证明自己解释过的概念区别，这个case就是a certain butterfly species found in South Africa and Australia 和ants of a particular species之间的mutualism。只能选择选项B。
2.What does the professor imply about the term “symbiosis”?
A.It is often used with too narrow a meaning.
B.It is used incorrectly in the students’ textbook.
C.The original definition is difficult to understand.
D.It is applied only to organisms of the same species.
Q2
正确答案：A
定位原文：
Professor：… But they are quite a few of us out there who think there should be a clearer distinction made between the two. Okay, where to begin? The original definition of symbiosis is pretty simple. It simply means living together… Now, I want to make it clear that …Symbiosis: general term. Mutualism: a narrow or more specific kind of symbiosis.
解析：professor 先说了真的很少有人能分清楚symbiosis和mutualism两者的区别，而且symbiosis的原始概念非常简单，但是实际上最后总结的是mutualism是属于symbiosis的一种，symbiosis实际是一个广义的概念。那也就是说，虽然symbiosis和mutualism就是paraphrase地那样被理解和使用，都被当成近义词了，但是其实symbiosis的概念范畴大一些，也就是之前那样的使用时是把它的概念弄得很狭窄了。对应A选项。
3.How do the butterflies mentioned by the professor facilitate the relationship between caterpillars and ants of a certain species?
A.The butterflies have a sweet smell that attracts the ants.
B.The butterflies lay their eggs under rocks where the ants lay their eggs.
C.The butterflies lay their eggs on plants where the ants are present.
D.The butterflies identify a food source for both ants and caterpillars.
Q3
正确答案：C
定位原文：
Professor：… Their interaction with ants is obligatory. So this is what happens. A female butterfly of these coppers and blues will lay eggs only on vegetation where there are ants of a particular species.
解析：根据原文的lay eggs only on vegetation where there are ants of a particular species 可知C选项为其同义表达。
4.In the example the professor mentions, how do the ants benefit from their interaction with the caterpillars?
A.The caterpillars protect the ants’eggs from predators.
B.The caterpillars help the ants find a particular plant.
C.The caterpillars produce a liquid to prevent ants from getting infections.
D.The caterpillars produce a liquid from a species gland to feed the ants.
Q4
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Professor: You’re pretty close, actually. The caterpillars have a honey gland, an organ that secretes an amino acid and carbohydrate liquid. The caterpillar secretes the liquid from the honey gland, rather large quantities, enough to feed several ants.
解析：蝴蝶的幼虫从蜜槽里分泌很多的液体供蚂蚁食用。对应选项D。
5.What aspect of mutualism does the professor illustrate with the example of the caterpillars and the ants?
A.Both organisms need the relationship for survival.
B.It is not necessary for both organisms to benefit equally from the relationship.
C.There is more benefit for the organism that is less dependent on the relationship.
D.The relationship does not need to be beneficial to both organisms.
Q5
正确答案：B
定位原文：
But the ants don’t absolutely need the caterpillar for survival because they can get food from other places, right? So it’s still called mutualism even though it seems like the caterpillar is getting way more out of it. Oh, wait. You said they don’t have to equally benefit. Never mind. Sorry.
解析：这段信息是从最后一个学生的自问自答中体现的，存在互利关系的两个物种从互利的地位上而言不一定要对等，这个信息在最开始老师区分symbiosis和mutualism的概念中老师已经提到过了。
6.What can be inferred about the student when she says this:
A.She needs more time to think about the answer.
B.She is almost certain that caterpillars produce honey.
C.She thinks her statement may be misunderstood.
D.She doubts that her statement is correct.
Q6
正确答案：D
定位原文：
Mary: Okay,ants feed on sweet stuff, right?So the caterpillar must have some kind of special access to honey or sugars or something like that. Maybe caterpillars produce honey somehow. On second thought,I am probably way off.
解析：professor问蚂蚁可以从这种互利关系中获得什么呢?学生说蚂蚁不是吃甜的么，那没准儿是这种蝴蝶幼虫可以有办法提供给蚂蚁这类物质呢，要么就是这类蝴蝶产生什么蜂蜜之类。但是经过仔细考虑之后，我又觉得我是不是错的很远。On second thought：进一步考虑后，仔细考虑后;way off：有很大距离，错得厉害，离得很远。她不需要更多的时间考虑，她的回答也没有被误解，她只是怀疑她的想法是不是正确而已，只能选择D选项。
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