鸟类迁徙Bird migration
Student having difficulties in writing term paper
原文：
Conversation：term paper of bird migration
Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.
S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.
P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.
The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.
P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.
S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh
P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.
S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.
P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.
S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.
P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.
S: Ok, I see your point.
P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.
中文大意:
Male Student：老师，我想跟你讨论一下我的学期论文。我卡住了，找不到这方面足够的数据。)
Female Professor：You can’t find enough sources on bird migration
(语调上扬。最后一题，重听题的考点。)
Male Student：I wanted to write on theories early bird migration. 关于Aristotle对于这个题目的看法等等。
Female Professor：哦～你确实找到了一个好的题目，但是你要知道我的要求是你们的论文要反映你们这学期学了什么。不要只是做 summary or description，我想要看到你的special analysis。
Male Student：我想，总结和描述是不够的。
Female Professor：没错，不如我们想想其他的方向。其实你不需要完全放弃discard之前找的数据，你可以换种想法，用rational 的方式。可以写现在的新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者驳斥以前的(historically) old theory。
Male Student：我想可以写bird migrate at night。以前人们大多只看到大鸟，所以认为小鸟在大鸟的翅膀下迁徙什么的，其实新发现是，因为小鸟在夜间迁徙，人们看不到。
(通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图change the topic from ancient to recent)
Female Professor：对，这正是我说的，你要展示你对这个主题的想法，而不是你读了哪些数据。
Male Student：I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.
Female Professor：如果我是你，我就不会在一份15页的论文中写这么多。
Male Student：我知道妳的意思了。
Female Professor：希望你一周内再来找我，看看论文的新的方向(new direction)进行得如何。
Male Student：好的，谢谢。
题目：
问题一：Why does the student go to see the professor?
答案：(C)he cannot find enough material in writing his paper.
问题二：How does the professor help the student?
答案：(A)建议学生改变论文方向。
问题三：What information will the man probably include in his paper (choose two answers)
答案：(B)analysis(D)focus on one topic
问题四：Why does the student 提到birds migrate at night?
答案：(A)通过说这个topic来验证自己理解了老师的意图he understands what the teacher said.
问题五：Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.
P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration
What does the professor imply when she says this: "You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration... "
答案：(B)教授认为找资料很容易
背景知识补充：
这篇听力内容，虽然是一般教授与同学讨论论文内容的长对话，不过值得注意的是，动物迁徒，包括动物、鸟类、昆虫、甚至鱼类等，生物对栖息地迁徒相关内容，一直不断出现在新
相关文章：
Migration Birds Know No Boundaries (鸟类迁徙无边界)
¨ The migration of birds is one of the most fascinating and least understood events in nature.
¨ Arctic terns are the champions of long-distance migration. They fly about 11,000 miles (17,700 kilometers) from their breeding grounds in the Arctic to their winter home in the Antarctic.
Why birds migrate (为什么鸟类迁徙)
¨ In many parts of the world, the foods that birds eat become scarce during certain seasons of the year. Most birds would starve if they had to remain in such places through the unfavorable season.
¨ Although birds migrate to survive, the factors that actually trigger their migrations are much more difficult to explain. For example, many northern species leave their summer home while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful.
¨ Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. The glands produce chemical substances called hormones.
¨ Changes in hormone production stimulate the birds to migrate. Among some northern species, hormone production is affected by the length of daylight. As the daylight hours shorten, hormonal changes cause the birds to prepare for their migratory flight south.#p#副标题#e#
大王花 Rafflesia
教授一开始就介绍植物分类，提到分类中的species种， genus属，order目。说植物的 classification 很难，一些特性比较特殊的植物特别是这个样子。提出植物的分类不能完全依靠它 flower 的形态和特性。提到Rafflesia (大王花)，开花时会散发腐臭的味道，以吸引蝇类传播花粉。
举了 Indonesia 的一种植物 M为例，它的 flower 很特别，超级大(图片显示它的直径有一个手臂这么长，颜色为绛红，也许有牛人知道它是何种植物)，有难闻的味道，象什么肉，但是最后发现他们不是一个 order 的。生长在很恶劣的环境中，其它的植物都不能生长(题目一:它生长在什么样的环境当中?)这种植物有事物的来源，但是它还是会抓 insect 吃，因为它不能从土壤中得到足够的营养,所以要通过这种方式来获取所需的营养(题目二:为什么吃虫?)然后教授说了它怎么抓虫的? 经过很长时间的研究，专家发现它和violet(紫罗兰)、 willow(柳树) 等是属于一个order的，后提到幼时的 violet，也会散发那种 smell 的。
提到共存(考题)。有提到另一种南美洲的植物和它是同一目的，但是花很小，味道也不难闻，与蓝莓共生 coherent。学生提问不能测 DNA 吗，教授说这种大花基本不进行光合作用，没法提取一般植物能提取到的 DNA。在 DNA 分析技术成熟之前根本无法将他们并为同类，由于他们的特征差异太大。教授还提到这种植物的交配不易， 其一气味难闻致使传蜜的动物不易接近，其二它每年只开一次花，且花分雌雄。所以要这么多先天条件凑齐
不易，所以很少有人有机会看到开花的全过程。(考题)所以，结论，不可以貌取人。后来又讲了这种花很有可能灭绝，原因是要 fly 帮忙运花粉，要同种的花在一起，要…，要这些条件同时发生，是小概率事件(Small incident)。
原文：
Listen to part of a lecture in a Botany class
We've been talking about plant classifications and how species belong to a family and families belong to an order, but sometimes, figuring out how we assign certain plant species to a particular order is challenging, even if the plant has...unusual characteristics. You'd think that plants with similar characteristics would belong to the same order, but that's not always true. A good example of this is a flower, that is—a flowering plant—that grows only in Malaysia and Indonesia, called Rafflesia.
As you can see, Rafflesia is a pretty unusual plant. For starters, it's huge. The flower can grow up to a meter in width and can weigh up to seven kilos—pretty big, huh There aren't any other specimens in the plant world that have flowers even close to this size. But that's not the only unusual characteristic of Rafflesia, in fact, that's probably one of the least strange features of the plant.
The plant also emits a terrible stench, like rotting meat. But again, there are other plants with bad smelling flowers. And in the case of Rafflesia, flies are attracted to that smell, and that's how the flowers get pollinated. So...um...Rafflesia's flowers are huge and smelly. Rafflesia is also a parasite; it gets its energy from another plant instead of from the sun, which is unusual, but not unheard of in the plant kingdom. It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms—it doesn't bloom inside the host. But that leads me to...I want to tell you really quickly about another plant, a plant that's also from the forests of Southeast Asia, called Mitrastema.
Now, Mitrastema is also a parasite, which led some to believe that Rafflesia was related to Mitrastema—that they belong to the same order. Mitrastema as I said is a parasite, but its flowers are much smaller, and don't smell bad, so you can see why there was debate about whether they were related. But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um...no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult."
Now, you're probably thinking, why don't they just analyze the DNA of the plant Well, as I said, Rafflesia is a parasite. It lacks the leaves; the green tissue that most plants need for photosynthesis. It's unable to...um...to capture the sunlight most other plants use to make food. So, it's lacking...it...it...it doesn't have the DNA—the genes—for photosynthesis, which is what we usually use to classify plant species. But some researchers in Michigan persisted, and analyzed about 90 species of seed plants and compared them to Rafflesia, and we finally had an answer. Rafflesia was part of the Malpighiales order.
Now, other species in the Malpighiales order include violets ... um ... poinsettias ... uh ... passion – flowers ...what else Willows. So it was pretty unexpected because flowers like violets are a lot smaller than Rafflesia, right And they don't smell bad—they don't smell like rotting meat...and they're not parasitic. It took almost 200 years to classify Rafflesia, to identify its relatives, and I don't think anyone would have ever guessed that it's in the order Malpighiales. I mean...you know-it'd be nice to be able to classify species based on their obvious characteristics, but, it didn't work that way with Rafflesia. And unfortunately for Rafflesia, and for the field of botany, it seems that Rafflesia may be dying out. It's certainly endangered because of deforestation in its habitat. And to make matters worse, Rafflesia doesn't reproduce very well. First of all, only 10-20% of buds turn into full-fledged flowers, and it can take them a year to grow. There are also male flowers and female flowers, and one of each has to be in the same area—the same vicinity—at the same time, to produce seeds, and the flies that are attracted to the flower's strong smell have to carry pollen from one flower to the other, so how often do you think these events occur all together Even people who study the plant for years may never witness it.
题目:
问题一：主旨题
What is the lecture mainly about
正确答案：(C) 植物的分类困难。
问题二：细节题
How does a strong odor help Rafflesia
正确答案：(D) 吸引flies过来，帮助它授粉。
问题三：细节题
Why does the professor consider the actual classification of Rafflesia unexpected
正确答案：(A) 这些植物的特征和大王花不同。
问题四：细节题
What does the professor imply about the reproduction of Rafflesia
正确答案：(B) 很少见。
问题五：重听题
Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.
It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host.
What does the professor say this:
"...I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host...."
正确答案：(B) 解释清楚，避免学生被误导。
问题六：重听题
Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.
But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um... no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult.
What does the professor imply when she says this:
"But as it turns out, Mitrastema But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries."
正确答案：(C) Rafflesia和Mitrastema隶属不同目。#p#副标题#e#
拉格泰姆音乐
Ragtime 介绍了一种流行于美国十九世纪左右名为 ragtime 的音乐，能够表现年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之类的，此乐流行是由于 piano 的关系，因为两者真是太搭配了。在那个年代，在各种场合都用钢琴。此乐当时流行程度， (like Rock & Roll在某一时期一样) 。这里出现考点，女学生说了一堆后，来了一句I just don't get it， 意思是要教授 explain。
对话中还谈到 piano 之所以当时那么受欢迎，一是因为它能与音律产生和谐，另一是因为当时它算一种财富地位的象征什么的 symbol of wealth and status。再加上，那个年代大家都没钱，就去 public concert or restaurant听音乐，而 piano 声音够响亮，又和 ragtime music
rhythm 搭配的天衣无缝，所以两者相得益彰。年轻人很喜欢这个音乐，因为很有激情。除了到处演出，park 演出等不用钢琴，因为难搬(出现考点because of transportation problem)。 同时，此乐也是 jazz 的前身，因为演奏者不按牌理出牌，，弹出七种调。这种regtime 音乐影响很远，例如现在的 jazz 就是从那发展来的。
原文：Ragtime Music
Now listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.
P: Often times we talk about the popularity of music, but we don't always think about the role that the instruments play in their popularity. To give you an idea of what I mean, just take Ragtime music for instance. Without the piano, Ragtime music certainly wouldn't have evolved in the late 1800's the way that it did. I mean...characteristics like the keys, and the chords, made the piano suitable for playing the separate parts of the music: the melodies, rhythms, harmonies, at the same time. So, with one hand you could play the melody, while playing the harmony with the other. All the while maintaining the rhythm, all characteristic of Ragtime music. In other words, the piano allowed musicians to create the lively sound of Ragtime music unlike any other instruments of their time.
And for about 20 years, Ragtime music was America's most popular music, particularly the piano rag, although some people didn't exactly embrace ragtime, young people in general especially liked it.
S: Kind of like Rock and Roll in the '50s?
P: Without a doubt. I mean of course Ragtime in 1900 didn't sound at all like Rock and Roll did in 1950, but I'd say that's a fair comparison. Ragtime generated the same kind of excitement that other kinds of music like Rock and eventually Rap did.
S: Really? Well, with Rock and Rap, I get why they are popular, but when it comes to Ragtime, well...I don't get it.
P: Ok, let’s take a moment to look at what Ragtime music was about; it was fresh and new, it was the first kind of mainstream music that used African-American rhythms and that was exciting, and finally the music and even the lyrics reflected the restless energy and optimism of young people. Can you see how it could capture the spirit of American youth? Just like Rock would do 50 years later?
So, getting back to the piano, of all instruments. As I said before, its unique design was part of the appeal, which was well suited to the style and rhythm of Ragtime music, but there were other reasons why it was so popular. Remember, this was the time before the advent of the automobile. The piano was a symbol of respectability, a symbol of success. Other than a house, it had represented, for many families, their biggest single purchase, and even though not everyone could afford it, everyone wanted to enjoy. So, wherever you would go, restaurants, theaters, the main instrument used for indoor public musical entertainment, was the piano. But let's not leave out the sound quality.
Few people realize how powerful the pianos used at that time were, they used the big types of pianos then, before the smaller pianos like Spinets came into fashion. The Ragtime-era pianos could produce a sound that was so full, it would even resonate through the wooden floors of any building, be it a home, concert hall or whatever! This full sound itself had the listeners actually feeling these unique and exciting piano vibrations though their feet and bones.
S: Wow! I never thought of that. So...they...the piano and the ragtime style were perfect for each other.
P: Well... in a sense... yes. But granted, although the piano's sound quality was exceptional, there were benefits to using other instruments to play ragtime. For instance, events like parades, and park concerts, required instruments that were easier to transport, like the banjo and the comet. Nevertheless, the piano played such a fundamental role in Ragtime. In fact, its sound quality alone contributed to piano sales peaking in 1909—roughly the mid-point of the Ragtime-era. It's no coincidence that the number of published piano rags, or sheet music, also reached their peak their very same year.
S: It's too bad that Ragtime music isn't still around, I kind of liked some of the music from that era.
P: Well, just like all music, it went through some major transitions. It began as a fixed form of music; it always had to be played as written, but that was in the beginning. Eventually, it evolved into a form of music that's still around today. Can you guess what?
S: Hm...I'd say since its rhythm is a lot like jazz, that's got to be it.
P: You got it! You could almost say that jazz is an improvised kind of Ragtime music. So you see, because of jazz, we still have the remnants of Ragtime around.
题目：
第一题： What is the main idea of the lecture?
答案：(C)how does piano contribute to the ragtime music.
第二题：Why the music is popular?
答案：(C)it expressed the spirit of the young people.
第三题：Two reasons of using piano of ragtime.
答案：(C)sound quality.(D)they reflected their wealth and social status.
第四题：Why does the professor mention about parade and park concert?
答案：(B)to explain the piano might be replaced by other instruments sometimes.
第五题：What does the professor say about jazz?
答案：(A)Jazz is improvised form of Ragtime music.
第六题：重听题
Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
Why does the student says this:
With Rock & Roll I can see why it’s popular. But when it comes to Ragtime, well… I don’t get it!
答案：(D)asks for explanation.#p#副标题#e#
英国浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯及其诗歌
literature主要讲述了18-19世纪英国浪漫主义(Romanticism)诗歌的代表人物Wordsworth 的诗。他是浪漫主义的鼻祖，但浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的(此处出题) 。Romanticism不是我们平时理解的 romance，和男女之间的爱情无关。Romanticism针对的是common people而不是少数educated people， 用的是simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例，说自己在**时感受到了这种互动(此处出题)。与 romanticism 针锋相对的一种风格是 neoclassicism新古典主义，也是那位 romanticism 的鼻祖很反对的。Neoclassicism使用太多的 elaboration，如 sky 不叫 sky，而叫 blue 什么的;bird 不叫 bird，而叫 feathered person。
教授把该诗人的作品分为三个阶段。早期的浪漫主义作品，主要描述植物的(花与草)诗歌。中期时是对一些社会现象的评论。后期时对早期的作品进行修改。目前文学界还是认为它早期的作品是最好的。(教授还说，Wordsworth的诗越写到后来越糟糕，反而早期的比较好，本文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗)。
补充资料：
ROMANTICISM
Romanticism is a style in the fine arts and literature. It emphasizes passion rather than reason, and imagination and intuition rather than logic. Romanticism favors full expression of the emotions, and free, spontaneous action rather than restraint and order.
Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.
It was also to some extent a reaction against the Enlightenment and against 18th-century rationalism and physical materialism in general. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.
Romanticism in literature. During the Romantic Movement, most writers were discontented with their world. It seemed commercial, inhuman, and standardized. To escape from modern life, the Romantics turned their interest to remote and faraway places, the medieval past, folklore and legends, and nature and the common people. The Romantics were also drawn to the supernatural.
WORDSWORTH
Wordsworth, William (1770-1850), is considered by many scholars to be the most important English Romantic poet. In 1795, Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The two men collaborated on Lyrical Ballads (1798), a collection of poems frequently regarded as the symbolic beginning of the English Romantic movement.
Wordsworth argued that serious poems could describe "situations from common life" and be written in the ordinary language "really used by men." He believed such poems could clarify "the primary laws of our nature." Wordsworth also insisted that poetry is "emotion recollected in tranquility."
He explained that his poetry used everyday language rather than the elevated poetic language of such earlier writers as Dryden and Pope because everyday language comes closer to expressing genuine human feeling. For the same reason, he wanted to write about everyday topics, especially rural, unsophisticated subjects.
Wordsworth and Coleridge lived most of their lives in the scenic Lake District of northwestern England and wrote expressively about the beauties of nature and the thoughts that natural beauty inspires. Many of their blank verse poems are written in a meditative, conversational tone new to English poetry.
Wordsworth, as we have said, is the chief representative典型的 of some of the most important principles原则 in the romantic movement, but he is far more a member of any movement, through his supreme poetic expression of some of the greatest spiritual ideals he belongs among the five or six greatest English poets.
First, he is the profoundest interpreter of nature in all poetry. His feeling for nature has two aspects. he is keenly sensitive, and in a more delicately discriminating way than any of his predecessors, to all the external beauty and glory of nature, especially inanimate nature of mountains, woods and fields, streams and flowers, in all their infinitely varied aspects. A wonderful joyous and intimate sympathy with them is one of his controlling impulses.
In the second place, Wordsworth is the most consistent of all the great English poets of democracy, though here as elsewhere his interest is mainly not t in the external but in the spiritual aspect of things.
The obstinacy and these poems are only the most conspicuous result of Wordsworth chief temperamental defect, which was an almost total lack of the sense of humor. Regarding himself as the prophet of a supremely important new gospel, he never admitted the possibility of error in his own point of view and was never able to stand aside from his poetry and criticize it dispassionately.
题目：
问题一：浪漫主义诗的特点。
(双选)针对的是个人情感，与古典主义不同。
问题二：浪漫主义这个称谓是后人加上的，不是他们本身这样称呼自己的。
问题三：重听题 是对古典主义诗的描述，说他们把 bird 说成 fly people。
大概是表现古典主义诗的特征。
问题四：教授对浪漫主义的态度?
问题五：说教授在自己**的时候感受到互动的用意?
作为例子和证据，证明教授的观点：Romanticism 针对的是 common people 而不是少数 educated people，用的是 simple language，描述的是日常生活中常见的事物，孩子，人类情感，以及自然和人类之间的互动。教授以自己为例，说自己在**时感受到了这种互动。
问题六：重听题，大意是说教授认为作者第一阶段的早期作品比较好，但是在课上不对以后的作品作评价，暗示了什么? 文重点讲了他第一阶段的诗。#p#副标题#e#
神经元细胞
Listen to a lecture in a biology class.
女 Professor: 好，在今天开始讲课之前，我们先 review 一下上节课的内容。上节课，我们讲了(We have talked about)神经元细胞(电脑中心的框中打出：neuron), 以及其工作的原理(function), 有谁能回忆起来?
男 student (注意：名字叫 Bernard, 重读在第二个音节，待会儿女老师会直呼其名)：“neuron 是指在大脑运作的过程中起作用的一种细胞cell，它接受 electronic signal, 经过传递，然后再送往大脑的接收器。
女 Professor 忽然打断(重听题) ：“好的。 Bernard， 可以了。你的答案很 complete.” 那么今天，我们来讲一下 glial cell ，这也是大脑物质中的一种。(Historically) 历史上，生物学家不重视glial cell，对神经传导的研究仅限于 neuron (神经元)， 也叫 nerve cell。神经传导通过 electrical communication 从一个结点传到另一个结点，神经元被认为起主要作用，glial cell研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看作help the growth of neurons(出题)，起辅助作用(support neutron)。例如，(以前 biologists 认为)glial cell 的作用是 protect, repair the damaged neutron cell。
后来偶然发现大脑中glial cell比neuron的数目多很多， glial cell 引起了科学家的重视， 开始研究它究竟起什么作用 (此处出题，问 glial cell 怎么引起科学家注意的)。(However, scientists accidentally discover that glial’s amount is far overnumber the number of the neuron. So glial attract people’s attention. )
人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不过不是通过生物电(not electronically communication)，而是化学物质传导(but chemical communication)(此处出题)。传统观点一直误以为glial cell也像nerve cell 一样用电信号。于是总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。(They use chemical conductor to communicate with others. So 1： glial to neuron; 2：g to g，3：n to n are all available ) 而且 glial cell 的功能也不像传统上认为的只是：send signal。那么到底 glial cell 的功能有可能是什么呢?我们在用脑子的时候， 其实就是用的 glial cell，比如说，我们 feel, think 和 remember 的时候。所以，人们就有个假设(Hypothesis), 有可能智商(IQ)就和glial cell有关系，glial cell 越多智商越高(more intelligent)，但这不确定。对胶质细胞的研究将是一个很 open up 的领域，对 glial cell 的认识目前十分有限，但相关研究已经开始流行，而且到了大家毕业之后的几年中可能成为炙手可热选的研究课题(此处出题)。
另一个 student(女) 插话(但是，不重要，不出考题)：“那老师，您的意思，是说，以后 glial cell 这个领域会很值得研究了?将来我们毕业的时候也可以……”(貌似这个女生想借此研究领域施展一下拳脚，但是被女教授打断)
女 Professor: 对，我的意思是说将来你们毕业后，对 glial cell 的研究会比较多。好了，言归正传(back to the analysis.)(接着教授总结了一下刚刚对 glial cell 的定义和功能分析) 问：大家谁还有什么问题?没有的话，我们进入下一个话题 various types of …
题目：
问题一：主旨题：
答案：忘了。 (但是，很轻松就能选出)应该和 h有关。
问题二：细节题
Why does the professor mention there was much research on neuron? (为什么老师要在文章中题，在 neutron 的领域有很多人做过研究?)
答案：(忘了在 A, B, C, D) 哪个位置了，反正是只要选有 little research on glial cell 就行。 正确答案的中文意思是：是为了反衬，在 glial cell 领域，目前做的研究很少。
问题三：细节题
Historically, what is the function of glial cell?
正确答案：选有 support 的选项即可。 中文是;glial cell 的作用是支持 neuron。
问题四：细节题(双选)
现在根据人们的发现，glial cell 有什么特征?
正确选项一：选有 outnumber 的词。 (数量远远多余 neutron)
正确选项二： 选有 chemical signal (communication)的选项。
问题五：暗示细节题
What does the professor imply when she says 你们毕业后 (graduate)几年，这个领域会火?
正确答案：选有 many research 的选项。 (意思是说，glial cell 这个领域，以后会有很多研究课题的)
问题六：Listen again 重听题：
女 Professor： 行了。OK, Bernard…
正确答案： D The student’s answer is complete.
女生丢 ID卡
Listen to a conversation between a student and a staff in University Service office.
女同学：老师，我想要申办新的 ID卡，因为以前的丢了。
男 staff: 由于我校的 registration 还未完全结束。 (所以，我这里没有完整的资料)。如需办卡，你得需要提供其他证件来证明身份。首先：你的驾照(diver license) 。
女同学：我的 diver license 在钱包里。而丢的就是我的钱包。你看这个才是真正的问题.(see, that’s the problem)。钱包丢了，导致很多证件我都没办法出示。
男 staff: 那你的护照(passport)
女同学：在宿舍里。就是因为我的 ID 卡丢了，宿舍才不让我进去，让我到这儿(service center)来申办新卡。
男 staff: 那，让我发几封邮件 (send some emails) ，(看看怎么解决) (仿佛过了几秒) 。 。 。
哦，好的。你现在可以去宿舍去取，但是必须身边有人护卫着你去(escort you)。因为这样才能确定你的身份 (verify your identification) 。 (男老师，故作同情，体贴状)不好意思，可是这是学校的规定(regulations)，所以，希望你能谅解。(understand.)
女同学：没问题，不过我的 wallet 丢的时候，饭卡也在里面(meal pass)。
男 staff: 没事儿，那你可以正好在申办新 ID的时候，顺便帮你把 meal pass 也换新的。)
女同学：哦，那太感谢你了。
男 staff: 没事儿，I am very glad to help you.
女学生：en,,, you are glad!
题目：
问题一： Why does the student go to see the office worker in the university service office? 主旨题
D.…new ID card.
正确答案为：D
问题二： Why 女生不能出示 driver license?
正确答案：her wallet was stolen.
问题三：Why she need to be escorted?
A. ……..
B.To see passport….
C.To verify…
D. …….
正确答案： C
问题四：根据对话所述，why 提到 meal pass?
A.…….
C.…….
D.能和 ID卡一起重新办。
正确答案： D
问题五：Listen again: 女：You are glad…
A.………
B.……….
C.……
D.She was relieved.