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托福lecture听力真题1-3
1.In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will however be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the half way point in the semester. Prof. Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken. However attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So remember: Optional class next Wednesday; Midterm, Friday.
2.Dozens of valuable paintings and frescoes were badly damaged today when rain water poured through a roof at the state museum. As freak rainstorms lashed in the central and southern sections of the state, part of the museum's roof, which was scheduled to be repaired collapsed and water cascaded into two storerooms. The museum director said that several well-known pieces, including oils, watercolors and frescoes, had been damaged, although only one objects, a 19century fresco was damaged beyond repair. She added that inspection for damages has not been completed and therefore she could not estimate costs of the repair and replacement.
3.My name is Sally Porter. You asked for people to speak out who are against demolishing the old Kensington Hotel to put up a new shopping mall, and I'm one of those people. I realize that the Kensington is vacant right now and not generating any revenue for the town. I also admit that the hotel has gotten a bit dilapidated and unsightly. But the issue is bigger than that. If we destroy the hotel, we will be destroying an important piece of this town's history. The town charter was signed there over 200 years ago and many well-known and important people have stayed there over the years, including the United States president. It wouldn't be all that difficult to fix up the hotel either. In fact if we get so
me people from around town to volunteer some of their skills and time, we wouldn't have to use any of the town's money or ask the state for money. Once the hotel is refurbished, it could start to attract people to our town again. One last reason to keep the Kensington, we've already got one shopping mall, and that's plenty. Well, I hope you will take what I have said into consideration. Thanks for listening.
托福lecture听力真题4-6
4.In 1871 the first passenger elevators were used in office buildings and allowed architects to build higher than people could comfortably walk. Another innovation was in building technique. In 1885 the steel skeleton was introduced and allowed for the construction of tall buildings that could withstand high winds. We take for granted some of the other inventions that enabled people to live and work in skyscrapers. For example, few people realized that the telephone was necessary for vertical communication and that flush toilet and vacuum incinerator made waste disposal possible. Now as we entered the age of super skyscraper, some with more than 200 floors, we see the need for even more technological innovations. In the area of heating and cooling systems for example. For all their benefi- ts, these super tall buildings do cause problems though. For one thing they place enormous strain on parking and traffic row in urban areas. But let's leave behind these technical concerns and move on to consider some of the design elements that have come to characterize the age of the skyscraper.
5.At the beginning of the century the railroads were used to haul everything. Powerful railroad barons made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerable to the customers. But cars and trucks changed all of that. And by 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting market. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to product. And to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels were enlarged. The image of the rail industry has changed dramatically. Today companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also strong. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds because they give off only 1/10 to 1/3 the pollution that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.
6.We've just seen two contemporary large birds that cannot fly---the emu and the ostrich. Over here is an interesting specimen from the past. This stuffed animal is not the giant penguin as it appears to be. But an auk. This particular kind of auk is very rare, only 78 skeins are known to exist. and most are not preserved as well as this one. The great auk ,as you can see, was a rather large bird and it couldn't fly either. However evidence suggests that the auk was an excellent swimmer and diver. Unfortunately those abilities didn't protect it from being easy prey for hungry sailors who years ago sailed the very cold and often icy waters of Greenland, Iceland and Scotland. In fact records indicate that the auk was rather tasty and that its eggs and feathers were useful as well. Still it isn't clear what other factors led to the big bird's demise around 1844, the last time anyone reported seeing one. Of course, we believe it's important to take extra precautions to preserve the remaining great auk skeins. After all this specimen should prove invaluable for future scientific research. Does anyone have any questions before we move on to our next bird exhibit?
托福lecture听力真题7-10
7.A recent report has shown that here in the United States, we've experienced an evolution concerning our attitudes towards the workweek and the weekend. Although some calendars still mark the beginning of a week as Sunday, more and more of us are coming to regard Monday as the first day of the week with Saturday and Sunday comprising the two-day period thought as the week-end. In fact the word “weekend” didn't even exist in English until about the middle of last century. In England at that time, Saturday afternoons had just been added to Sundays and holidays as a time for workers to have off from their jobs. This innovation became common in the United States in the 1920s, but as the workweek shortened during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the weekend expanded to two full days--Saturday and Sunday. Some people thought that this trend would continue due to increasing automation and the workweek might decrease to four days or even fewer. But so far this hasn't happened. The workweek seems to have stabilized as forty hours made up of five eight-hour days. After this commercial I'll be back to talk about the idea of adding Monday to the weekend.
8.Before I tell you about the interesting discovery related to the tyrannosaurus rex, I need to review something we studied last semester: the difference between what we commonly called cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. In warm-blooded animals, birds and mammals for examples, the body temperature normally stays within a narrow range no matter what the outside temperature is. As a result, a warm-blooded animal is usually active in both cold and hot weather because the body temperature can adjust to the temperature as in the environment. On the other hand, cold-blooded animals, such as most reptiles, amphibians and insects, are unable to create enough heat internally to raise their temperature above the temperature of the environment. So, for example, the temperature of a cold-blooded animal falls when the environment is cool. I hope this extension is clear. Now moving on to the tyrannosaurus rex, you may know that dinosaurs being reptiles are generally believed to have been cold-blooded. Well, a recent research study has found that a chemical composition of the bone of the tyrannosaurus rex was consistent with the bone of the animal that has a very narrow range of the internal temperature, indicating that it was probably warm-blooded.
9.As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement services put together a listing of what is available locally. For some students these part-time jobs could lead to full-time work after graduation as they may offer experience in their own fields, be that finance, marketing, or even management. For example, National Savings Bank offers work on a half time basis: that's twenty hours a week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours, even less time as expected of those providing child care. We have a number of families registered with us who were looking for baby sitters for as few as four hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there are seasonal positions right on campus working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office. Oh, and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we'll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about successful interviewing.
10.Welcome to our aquarium. As we begin our tour, the first animal we will see today is the starfish. You probably have seen pictures of the starfish, but in a few minutes you will see some live ones and learn a little about their structure and life cycle. First of all, starfish are not really fish, they belong to the family of echinoderms which are spiny skinned sea animal, that is, their skin is covered with thorny bumps. Most starfish have five arm-like extensions on their bodies. And so they look like a five-pointed star. But some other kinds have as many as 40 or more arms. Starfish, like other members of the echinoderm family, have what’s called radial symmetry. All that means is that the body part of these animals are arranged around the center, kind of like spokes of a wheel around a hub. One of the special features of the starfish is that it can drop off arms as a defensive reaction, to get away from an attacker, for example. They can then grow new arms to replace the old ones. Starfish reproduce by releasing eggs into the sea. These eggs develop into larvae, and can swim freely. These early forms, which are what larvae are, differ from adult starfish, because the larvae have bilateral symmetry. That means that the two halves of the larvae look exactly the same, which makes them look a lot different from the later form of the starfish. Eventually the larvae sink to the ocean bottom and change into the adult radial form. If you don’t have questions, we will go in now and see some of the creatures in person.
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