2016年
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1. Dramatic literature often ___ the history of a culture in that it takes as its subject matter the important events that have shaped and guided the culture.
(A) confounds
(B) repudiates
(C) recapitulates
(D) anticipates
(E) polarizes
翻译：戏剧文学经常把塑造和引领文化的重要事件作为创作的主题，从这个意义上说，它概括一个文化的历史。
选C
in that 基于……的理由，因为。
本题最大的意义在于给我们补充了一个因果关系的指示词，in that 相当于because， for the reason that 。
subject matter 作品的主题，著作或演讲探讨的问题;
confound 使困惑;
repudiate 回绝，拒绝承认，与(某人)断绝关系，不服从(权威)，不遵守(协定);
recapitulate 重述或概括(讨论等)的要点;
anticipate 预期，预料，先与…做;
polarize 使分化，使相冲突，使有极性。
2. Under ethical guideline recently adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct disease for which ___ treatments are unsatisfactory.
(A) similar
(B) most
(C) dangerous
(D) uncommon
(E) alternative
翻译：根据美国国立卫生研究院最近通过的伦理指导意见，只有当其他治疗方式均不奏效时，才允许使用基因疗法。
选E
National Institutes of Health 美国国立卫生研究院;
uncommon 不寻常的、罕见的，精彩的、杰出的;
alternative 可替代的，另一个的，其他的。
3. Just as such apparently basic things as rocks, clouds, and clams are, in fact, intricately structured entities, so the self, too, is not an “elementary particle,” but is ___ construction.
(A) a complicated
(B) a convoluted
(C) a distorted
(D) an amorphous
(E) an illusory
翻译：正如石头，云，蛤蜊这些貌似基本的事物实际上构造复杂，自我也不是“基本粒子”，而有着难以理解的结构。
选B
apparently 显而易见地，可见地，表面上地、似是而非地;
intricately 错综复杂地;
complicated 结构复杂的，(因复杂)难理解或解释的;
convoluted 盘绕卷曲的，复杂费解的;
amorphous 无形的，无组织的，杂乱的;
illusory 幻觉的，虚假的。
4. In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been ___ without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.
(A) conventionalized
(B) realized
(C) transmitted
(D) manipulated
(E) aggrandized
翻译：在某些文化中，魔术的精髓在于保留完整的传统;只有当它能够完整地传承到现代艺人手中，才是有效的。
选C
primeval 早期的，原始的。
5. The discovery that, friction excluded, all bodies fall at the same rate is so simple to state and to grasp that there is a tendency to ___ its significance.
(A) underrate
(B) control
(C) overlook
(D) reassess
(E) praise
(F) eliminate
翻译：不考虑摩擦力的情况下，所有物体下落的速度相同，这个发现表述如此简单易于理解，以至于人们可能低估 / 忽略了它的重大意义。
选AC
纯良题。
6. There is perhaps some truth in that waggish old definition of a scholar — a siren that calls attention to a fog without doing anything to ___ it.
(A) describe
(B) cause
(C) analyze
(D) dispel
(E) dissipate
(F) thicken
翻译：以前的一个关于学者的搞笑定义不无道理——他们警告所大家注意雾但不想办法驱散之。
选DE
纯良题。
7. It was her view that the country’s problems had been ___ by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.
(A) ameliorated
(B) ascertained
(C) attacked
(D) exacerbated
(E) overlooked
(F) worsened
翻译：，所以请他们来解决只会适得其反。
选DF
so that 因果关系。
technocrat ，居管理或决策地位的技术专家;
counterproductive 反效果的;
ameliorate 改善;
ascertain 查明，确定;
exacerbate 使加剧，使恶化;
worsen 使恶化。
8. In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely ___ , but she is almost unknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties of ___ her eccentric prose.
翻译：作为一个小说家，她在德国影响巨大，但文风怪异难以翻译所以英语世界对她了解不多。
选BE
startling 惊人的;
obscured 模糊的，隐藏的;
eccentric 偏离轨道的，离心的，怪异的。
9. As painted by Constable, the scene is not one of bucolic ___ ; rather it shows a striking emotional and intellectual ___ .
翻译：C画中的景致不是为了描绘田园风光的静谧;相反地，它表现出一种引人注目的情感与理性的张力。
选BD
rather 对比关系，此句中 rather 相当于 on the contrary 。
bucolic 乡下的，田园的;
intensity 强烈，颜色过度饱和;
serenity 平静;
nostalgia 怀旧，思乡;
detachment 冷漠，客观公正，分开，分遣;
placidity (景物)平静，(性情)温和文雅。
(John Constable： Flatford Mill from the lock)
康斯太布尔 [Constable, John]
(1776.6.11,英格兰 萨福克 东伯格霍尔特～1837.3.31,伦敦)
英国画家。1799年进入伦敦皇家美术学院，开始其绘画事业。从未出过国，其最佳作品是描写英国乡村的美景。1813年和1814年画了两大包速写本和油画稿，保存至今，完好无损。其中有200多幅风景画。他精于水彩画和油画。他最著名的成就是小幅油画习作的创作，这些画所表现的都是农村日常生活的景色，如变化的阳光、移动的云彩等，在色彩和光影上都有独到之处。1830年他的许多画被制成网线铜版画出版。他与J.M.W.特纳齐名，都是19世纪英国最伟大的风景画家。
康斯太布尔自画像，铅笔及水彩素描;现藏伦敦国立肖像画陈列馆。
By courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
(大英袖珍百科)
10. Because medieval women’s public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the male establishment, a compensating ___ religious writings, inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its ___ , became important for many women.