21.A second important early concept was that slow, inexorable geological processes that can readily be observed(rainwater dissolving rocks, rivers cutting valleys, sedimentary particles settling to the seafloor) follow the laws of physics and chemistry. Once again this seems an _______ conclusion in hindsight, but its implications – this was the ___________ early geologists – was that geological processes in the distant past must have ______ these very same laws.
obvious 明显的;显著的
revolutionary part for 有大变革的一部分
followed 遵循
22.Human perception, Faraday recognized, is not a direct consequence of reality but rather an act of imagination. Perception requires imagination because the data people encounter in their lives are never complete and always ______.
equivocal 模棱两可的;可疑的
23.It is normal for artists who achieve great acclaim during their lifetimes to go into eclipse and become _______ after their deaths. Fifty or a hundred years later, they may enjoy a revival of their reputations, and they may then be admitted to the ranks of permanent greatness.
unfashionable 过时的;不时髦的
24.Despite the ubiquitous mantra of “evidence-based medicine,” __________ pervades journals about experts who accept money from the makers of the products they evaluate.
a curious lack of skepticism 对怀疑有奇怪的缺乏
25.Based on my descriptions to this point, one might assume that nostalgia, like the romanticizing brand that Guzman engages in frequently in reference to Allende and Popular Unity, would be an automatic _______ to critical reflection.
impediment 口吃;妨碍;阻止
26.Sometimes these criteria are purely factual, but mostly they have an evaluative, even moralizing overtone. Factual and informative is, for instance, the denotation of a state as a coastal state, or as an inland state, as a nuclear state or, for that matter, nuclear power; arguably labels like Great Power, small state or developing state combine factual with _______ elements. But most state labels have a predominantly evaluative character: failed or failing state, semi-sovereign state, democratic state, rogue state or outlaw state are largely contested and acceptable only by those who _____ the evaluative assumptions which __________ of such a marker.
evaluative 可估价的
share 分享，分担
form the basis 形成基础
27.Over and over, Davies proves that most historians have been much too ready to assume that growing literacy and modernization _____ the social and intellectual bases for magical beliefs.
undercut 廉价出售
28.for contemporary social and political theorists it has increasingly come to represent civic virtues such as tolerance, nondiscrimination and public reasonableness. In this context, civility is typically promoted as a civic virtue that has the potential to ________ some of the cleavages and tensions that abound in pluralistic societies.
ameliorate 改善;减轻(痛苦等);改良
29.Compared with, say, the precision of a skein of geese winging its way across the autumn sky in a V formation, the seasonal marches of grazers across the Serengeti seem _______, unplanned, and at times _______. But, in fact, years of careful observation by Sam McNaughton, Anthony Sinclair, Richard Bell, and other scientists have shown that there is _________ the migrations of zebras, wildebeests, and Thomson’s gazelles.
disorganized 紊乱的;无组织的
chaotic 混沌的;混乱的
a definite order to 一个明确的……顺序
30.Saul's particular combination of intellectuality and vitality was not paradoxical, it was category-shattering. He was a Lawrentian Jew, an impossible creature. ______ was, in a way, his very theme. Was ever a bookish soul so cracklingly unmediated, so ______ raw life? He was as vivid physically as he was mentally, almost perversely alert, completely at home in the world of matter, repulsed by ______.
Energy
flush with 由于…而脸红;因…而兴奋
tedium 沉闷;单调乏味