sat考试是美国的高考，中国的高考在文科部分一定是要考的就是中国的历史部分，那么sat考试同样也是如此的，今天小编为大家带来的详细内容就是关于新的，希望对大家的备考有所帮助!
新SAT阅读加大了历史类和文学类文章的难度，其中历史类包括一类文章：美国建国文档(U.S. founding document)。独立宣言，作为美国建国文档最重要的文献之一，是同学们一定要背诵的篇章!
1 背景
《独立宣言》(The Declaration of Independence)，为北美洲十三个英属殖民地宣告自大不列颠王国独立，并宣明此举正当性之文告。1776年7月4日，本宣言由第二次大陆会议(Second Continental Congress)于费城批准，这一天后成为美国独立纪念日。宣言之原件由大陆会议出席代表共同签署，并永久展示于美国华盛顿特区之国家档案与文件署当中。此独立宣言为美国最重要的立国文书之一。
《独立宣言》由四部分组成：第一部分为前言，阐述了宣言的目的;，即自然权利学说和主权在民思想;第三部分历数英国压迫北美殖民地人民的条条罪状，说明殖民地人民是在忍无可忍的情况下被迫拿起武器的，力争独立的合法性和正义性;第四部分，也就是在宣言的最后一部分，美利坚庄严宣告独立。
2 原文
The Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies In CON
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人类历史事件的进程中，、而在世界列国之中取得那“自然法则”和“自然神明”所规定给他们的独立与平等的地位时，就有一种真诚的尊重人类公意的心理，要求他们一定要把那些迫使他们不得已而独立的原因宣布出来。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，所以才在人们中间成立政府。而政府的正当权力，则系得自被统治者的同意。如果遇有任何一种形式的政府变成损害这些目的的，那末，人民就有权利来改变它或废除它，以建立新的政府。这新的政府，必须是建立在这样的原则的基础之上，并且是按照这样的方式来组织它的权力机关，庶几就人民看来那是最能够促进他们的安全和幸福的。诚然，谨慎的心理会主宰着人们的意识，认为不应该为了轻微的、暂时的原因而把设立已久的政府予以变更;而过去一切的经验也正是表明，只要当那些罪恶尚可容忍时，人类总是宁愿默然忍受，。
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. --Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
然而，当一个政府恶贯满盈、倒行逆施、一贯地奉行着那一个目 标，显然是企图把人民抑压在绝对专制主义的淫威之下时，人民就有这种权利，人民就有这种义务，来推翻那样的政府，而为他们未来的安全设立新的保障。----我们这些殖民地的人民过去一向是默然忍辱吞声，，其原因即在于此。现今大不列颠国王的历史，就是一部怙恶不悛、倒行逆施的历史，他那一切的措施都只有一个直接的目的，即在我们各州建立一种绝对专制的统治。为了证明这一点，让我们把具体的事实胪陈于公正的世界人士之前：
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他一向拒绝批准那些对于公共福利最有用和最必要的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
他一向禁止他的总督们批准那些紧急而迫切需要的法令，除非是那些法令在未得其本人的同意以前，暂缓发生效力;而在这样展缓生效的期间，他又完全把那些法令置之不理。
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他一向拒绝批准其他的把广大地区供人民移居垦殖的法令，除非那些人民愿意放弃其在立法机关中的代表权。此项代表权对人民说来实具有无可估量的意义，而只有对暴君说来才是可怕的。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他一向是把各州的立法团体召集到那些特别的、不方便的、远离其公文档案库的地方去开会。其唯一的目的就在使那些立法团体疲于奔命，以服从他的指使。
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
他屡次解散各州的议会，因为这些议会曾以刚强不屈的坚毅的精神，反抗他那对于人民权利的侵犯。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
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