1.Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid，such as alloys of palladium and silicon，or alloys consisting of iron，phosphorus，and carbon，although small discrepancies remained.
难度系数(5)
译文：以伯纳尔所建立的旨在研究合金中金属成分的那类模型为基础，研究人员对合金密度进行了计算，这些计算相当程度上与某些合金测量中通过实验确定的数据趋于一致，尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。实验中测量的那类合金由一贵金属和一准金属构成，例如，钯和硅的合金，或由铁、磷、和碳组成的合金。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：前面的分句中同时有两个成分修饰主语Calculations。宾语the experimentally determined value之后的、从from开始一直到although之前的内容修饰宾语，说明宾语中determine的具体方法。
值得注意的是后面的分句中的although。在由两个分句组成的句子中，although如果出现在后面的分句的句首，则其不是表示让步，而是一种委婉地表示转折的语气，相当于but.
2.And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality “the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere”.
难度系数(4)
译文：而起，。
难句类型：倒装
解释：本句是典型的倒装，本句的正常语序应该是：And Walzer advocates “the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere” as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality/,而句中则把advocates的宾语”the abolition of the poer of money outside its sphere”倒装到了句末。
3.It is now established that the Milky Way is far more extended and of much greater mass than was hitherto thought.
译文：现在，这已成为一个不争的事实：银河系要比迄今为止所想象的要来得远为浩瀚广阔，并具有远高得多的质量。
4.Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal’s sense, to insist that those who excel in “sensitivity” or “the ability to express compassion” merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth?
难度系数(5)
译文：按照P的观点，坚持那些在“敏感性”或“表达同情心的能力”上突出的人应该与那些在对赚钱很重要的能力(比如“刻苦工作的能力”)上突出的人得到同样的财富，?
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：句首的it是形式主语，其真正的内容在不定式中，insist引导的宾语从句中的谓语merit是句子的中心难点。因为我们通常只知道merit的名词词义，并不知道它也可以被用作动词，所以此处不容易看懂。其动词的意思是:应该得到……，值得….，英文释义为to deserve, be worthy of。另外，句子作为一个疑问句，却结构复杂，冗长不堪，也是本句难以读懂的一个重要原因。
5.Yet Waizer’s argument，however deficient，does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely，that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who，no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards，often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
难度系数(5)
译文：然则，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫地位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的方式获得了其物质报偿，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人受戴和钦佩的品质。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、倒装
解释：第一个插入语however deficient 中的however在此不是转折连词，而是副词，等于no matter how，但是因为后面出现了no matter how，而作者又追求语言表述的多样性，所以作者在此使用了however deficient这样较为少见的(但在
尽管本句的插入语较多，第二个插入语很长，但是本句的真正难点在倒装上。破折号后面的部分是主句宾语的同位语从句，此从句中固定搭配bring A to B被倒装成了bring to BA。如果把这句话恢复成正常语序，则是it brings people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their materiall rewards, often lask those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration to predominant positions in a society。很明显，这样的语序会显得头重脚轻。