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在考试中词汇题可能会出现三种情况:
1. 原文单词很简单,但选项中的单词较难
2. 原文单词难度中等,但考察的并不是单词字面意思,而是需要结合上下文对其进行释义
3. 原文单词较难,选项中的单词也难
以上三种情况在考试中可能会交叉出现,我们以三道官方题目为例,来学习词汇题的解答技巧。
例题一:
材料:The Official SAT Study Guide
试卷:4
页数:685
题号:34
Passage 1 is adapted from Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France. Originally published in 1790.
Passage 1
…
Society is indeed a contract. Subordinate contracts for objects of mere occasional interest may bedissolved at pleasure—but the state ought not to be considered as nothing better than a partnership agreement in a trade of pepper and coffee, calico or tobacco, or some other such low concern, to be taken up for a little temporary interest, and to be dissolved by the fancy of the parties. It is to be looked on with other reverence; because it is not a partnership in things subservient only to the gross animal existence of a temporary and perishable nature. It is apartnership in all science; a partnership in all art; a partnership in every virtue, and in all perfection …
34. As used in line 22, “low” most nearly means
A) petty.
B) weak.
C) inadequate.
D) depleted.
答案: A
答案解析: 本题问的是 “low” 这个词的意思。这个词本身很简单,最常见的意思就是“低的”,因此关键是要根据它在文中的情境,找出其含义。定位原文line 22可以看到这个词的位置: “…or some other such low concern…”, 但从这里还不足以了解其真正含义,因此需要结合上下文。从lines 17-29可知,作者是在说 “subordinate contracts” 只不过是在贸易货物上达成的商业协议,然而国家并不仅仅是 “a partnership agreement in a trade of pepper and coffee, calico or tobacco, or some other such low concern”, 而应该是 “a partnership in all science; a partnership in all art; a partnership in every virtue, and in all perfection”。从结构可以看出, “such low concern” 应该和 “all science”, “ all art”, “ every virtue”, “all perfection” 是对比关系。作者用“all”和“every” 这样的措辞强调的是完整的、成体系的、大规模的含义,那题干中的 “low” 就应该是与之相反的含义。接下来分析选项。
A选项中的petty,有 “琐碎的、小规模的” 含义,刚好和 “all science”, “ all art”, “ every virtue”, “all perfection” 这些成体系的、大规模的含义形成对比。因此A选项为答案。
B选项中的weak,有 “虚弱的、无力的” 含义,但 “all science”, “ all art”, “ every virtue”, “all perfection” 强调的并不是 “强大的、有力的” 含义,前后两者不能形成对比,因此排除。
C选项中的inadequate,有 “不充分的、不恰当的” 含义,带入原文后和后面的内容不能形成对比,排除。
D选项中的depleted,有 “耗尽的” 含义,带入原文后和后面的内容不能形成对比,排除。
本题重点词汇:
subordinate: [sə'bɔːdɪnət] adj. 从属的;次要的 | n. 下属,下级;部属,属下 | vt. 使…居下位;使…服从
dissolve: [dɪ'zɒlv] vt. 使溶解;使分解;使液化 | vi. 溶解;解散;消失
reverence: ['rev(ə)r(ə)ns] n. 崇敬;尊严;敬礼 | vt. 敬畏;尊敬
perishable: ['perɪʃəb(ə)l] adj. 易腐坏的;易毁灭的;会枯萎的 | n. 容易腐坏的东西