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SAT可汗阅读答案：Part 1 Level 3 Passage6
正确答案：A A B D C A C B C B D
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Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage and supplementary material.
The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project with the primary of goal of mapping all of the genes that make up human DNA. Funded by the U.S. government, it began in 1990 and was successfully completed in 2003. Passage 1 is from the National Human Genome Research Institute website. Passage 2 is from Evolution and Medicine.©2011 by BSCS.
Passage 1
The Human Genome Project has revealed that there are probably about 20,500 human genes. The completed human sequence can now identify their locations. This ultimate product of the Human Genome Project has give the world a resource of detailed information about the structure, organization and function of the complete set of human genes. This information can be thought of as the basic set of inheritable “instructions” for the development and function of a human being.
The International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium published the first draft of the human genome in the journal Nature in February 2001 with the sequence of the entire genome's three billion base pairs some 90 percent complete. A startling finding of this first draft was that the number of human genes appeared to be significantly fewer than previous estimates, which ranged from 50,000 genes to as many as 140,000. The full sequence was completed and published in Apri1 2003.
Upon publication of the majority of the genome in February 2001, Francis Collias, the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, noted that the genome could be thought of in terms of a book with multiple uses:“It's a history book - a narrative of the Journey of our species through time. It's a shop manual, with an incredibly detailed blueprint for building every human cell. And it's a transformative textbook of medicine, within sights that will give health care providers immense new powers to treat, prevent and cure disease.
Passage 2
Humans vary across the world. Every independently conceived individual is genetically unique. This seems paradoxical in light of the fact that all humans have a high degree of genetic similarity. It is often reported that two humans are 99.9 percent similar in their DNA. However, the human genome is immense, providing multiple opportunities for genetic variation to arise; the 0.1 percent by which we differ amounts to 3.3 million nucleotides, Findings from the International HapMap Project confirm previous studies and show a relatively 1ow amount of differentiation among human groups defined by ethnicity and geography. There is much more genetic variation within (about 90 percent) than among (about 10 percent) human groups.This means that the similarities among different groups of humans far outweigh the differences.
As the ability to decipher the genotypes of individuals improves and becomes more widely available, medical practitioners will be better able to give patients specific information about their health. Individual genetic profiles provide useful information about disease susceptibility and predispositions. Crews and Gerber (2008) suggest three possible medical-clinical applications of individual genet profiling: improved screening, more-informed counseling, and individualized drug formularies. Until more individualized data are available, however, researchers continue to try to determine whether disease susceptibility is linked to specific genetic factors and, if so, whether the genetic factors are distributed differentially among geographic groups. Patterns of variation among humans have been shaped by migration, genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection. These evolutionary mechanisms lead to a correlation between geographic distribution that may be medically relevant.
1.As used in line 4, “ultimate” most nearly means
A) final
B) extreme
C) absolute
D) fundamental
2.It can reasonably be inferred from Passage 1 that the information supplied by human genes is
A) passed down from generation to generation.
B) heavily influenced by environmental factors.
C) very difficult to decipher without sophisticated techno1ogy
D) similar to the information supplied by nonhuman genes.
3.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 1-2 (“The Human...genes.”)
B) Lines 7-9 (“This information...being.”)
C) Lines 14-17 (“A startling...estimates.”)
D) Lines 27-30 (“And it's...disease.”)
4.As used in line 33, ”paradoxical” most nearly means
A) convoluted.
B) sophisticated.
C) obscure.
D) contradictory.
5.In the first paragraph of Passage 2, the reference to previous studies of human groups primarily serves to
A) call into question bias within the International HapMap Project.
B) suggest a potential bias within the International HapMap Project.
C) emphasize that the findings of the International HapMap Project were consistent with earlier research.
D) draw a comparison between the International HapMap Project and the Human Genome Project.
6.The information in line 42-44 (“There...groups”) primarily serves to
A) provide more precise data regarding the degree of genetic overlap between members of different ethnic and geographic groups.
B) support the author’s claim that genetic profiling will enhance the ability to predict a group member’s predisposition to a particular disease.
C) further develop the idea that the human genome is much larger and more complicated than scientists originally thought.
D) call into question the results of the International HapMap Project and other studies regarding the diversity of human genome.
7.Based on Passage 2, Crews and Gerber would most likely support all of the following application of genetic profiling EXCEPT:
A) A patient receives a personalized medication based on his genetic makeup.
B) A doctor schedules an annual medical test for a patient because of a genetic predisposition.
C) A patient stops exercising based on the finding that he is not at risk for a particular disease.
D) A counselor meets with a patient to discuss whether she is at risk for a certain condition.
8.The authors of both passages would most likely agree
that improvements in our knowledge of the human genome will
A) allow scientists to formulate cures for the majority of diseases.
B) improve the ability of medical practitioners to treat patients.
C) enhance treatment options for certain groups based on their geography.
D) reduce the cost of most medical treatments.
9.A central idea that is expressed in Passage 2 but not Passage 1 is that the human genome
A) can be understood like a book with multiple uses.
B) is much smaller than scientists originally thought.
C) is surprisingly similar among different individuals.
D) Instructs the development of human cells into tissues.
10.How would the author of Passage 2 most likely respond to the “history book” metaphor in Passage 1?
A) With approval, because the author believes that knowledge of the human genome will give scientists a better understanding of how cells are constructed.
B) With approval, because the author recognizes that the human genome provides insight into the story of the human species over time.
C) With disapproval, because the author asserts that the human genome only provides information about the current state of humanity.
D) With disapproval, because the author suggests that the relevance of human migrations is overstated.
11.Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the precious question?
A) lines 44-46 (“This...differences”)
B) lines 47-50 (“As...health”)
C) lines 51-52 (“Individual...predispositions”)
D) lines 61-63 (“Patterns...selection”)
以上为为SAT可汗阅读答案：Part 1 Level 3 Passage6相关内容介绍，考生可以将完整23套阅读题下载下来，方便练习。