1.It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works are sometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language that characterized their Spanish-language works.
难度系数(5)
译文：因此，一般而言，正是通过对口头文学创造性的强调，这些奇卡诺作家——其英语作品时常显得缺乏灵感——才得以发展一种强有力的和富于吸引力的语言，并以此构成了他们西班牙语作品的特征。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：读者们阅读本句的时候一定感觉极其别扭。首先，我们尽管知道It has been …that..。这种结构是一种强调语气，但是It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativeity that…看上去就极不舒服。当然从语法上讲这么说是可以的，可是我们确实很少见到it has been 和that之间插入这么多东西的说法。解释一下by way of的意思，就是通过什么样的方法、通过某种手段的意思。其英文释义为by the route of，同义词是via。
That以后的内容看上去更费劲，既有长插入语分开主谓，又有复杂修饰的宾语。本句之所以结构怪异，意思费解，其原因是作者为了强调这个口头文学的方法。否则，句子可以写得比较好懂: Thus, these Chicano writers, whose English-language works are sometimes uninspired, developed the powerfull and arresting languagee that characterized their Spanish-language works.generally by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativeity. 129、 To measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to be laid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensors at each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for many months.
为了恰当地测量它们，监测设备必须被设置在一网络上，彼此的间距最多为五十公里，位于每个网点的感应器沉放至海洋深处，并在许多个月中一直固定在那里。 (原书无此句)
2.This declaration，which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment，was designed
primarily to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States could be denied citizenship.
难度系数(3)
译文：这一在第十四条修正案的文本中被复述的宣言，主要是旨在对抗最高法院在“Dred Scott诉Sandford”一案中的判决，此判决裁定，在美国的黑人可被剥夺公民权。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
解释：句中的两个插入语分别起到了两个有效的分割作用：第一个隔开了主句的主语和谓语;第二个分开了作状语的不定式中的宾语及其同位语从句。
3.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that its framers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundry list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an inferior class.
难度系数(4)
译文：第十四条修正案的宽泛笼统的语言强烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲载入宪法的不是一张具体民法的细目清单，而是一种平等公民权的原则，这一原则禁止有组织的社会将任何一个个人作为劣等阶层的成员来对待。
难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装
解释：本句的倒装还算友好，into的介词宾语the Constitution比较短，然后马上是write的宾语。而且本句的结构也算合理，避免了头重脚轻。如果真按照正常语序来写，那么句子只有更难读懂。即：
The broad languagee of the amendment strongly suggests that its framers were proposing to write not a laundry list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that forbids organized society from treating any individuall as a member of an inferior class into the Constitution.
4.This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while some justices have refused to find，any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored，most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. Sexual discrimination in particular, are "suspect" and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts. (5)
译文：所谓“怀疑分类”，意指那种在有可能被理解成以种族为基础，针对某一群体进行的歧视这一信条扩展了第十四条修正案的适用范围，使其同样也适用于其它的、非种族形式的歧视。因为虽然某些法官拒不将除种族以外的立法分类裁定为非法的，但绝大多数法官已经接受了这样一个论点，即至少某些非种族性质的歧视，尤其是性别歧视，是“值得怀疑的”，并理应接受法庭这种更高程度上的审视。
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、三重否定、抽象词
解释：句子虽然长，结构却不是太难，相信坚持训练到这里的读者不会再感到句子太长、或者结构太难了。不过这句话还有两个难点的。一个是其中大量的法律方面的抽象词，另一个就是其中的一个三重否定：some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored,实际上就是：some justices believe that only racial classification may be constitutionally disfavored或者some justices regard nonraciall discrimination to be constitutionally legitimate。