2016年5月7日新
第二篇文章是社会类文章，刚开始叙述的是公共知识，public knowledge，文中讲这应该不仅仅是于个人生活一定有切身利益的，比如世界某处发生战争，这也应该报道，但是现在记者在报道的时候关注读者量，所以就开始去报道人们向去读的内容，而不是世界到底发生的事情，文章主要是呼吁新闻报道的客观性。
第二篇文章选自：《Public Trust in the News》-- Stephen Coleman, Scott Anthony, David E. Morrison
The news is a form of public knowledge. Unlikepersonal or private knowledge (such as the health of one’s friends and family;the conduct of a private hobby; a secret liaison), public knowledge increasesin value as it is shared by more people. The date of an election and the claimsof rival candidates; the causes and consequences of an environmental disaster;a debate about how to frame a particular law; the latest reports from a warzone—these are all examples of public knowledge thatpeople are generally expected to know in order to be considered informedcitizens. Thus, in contrast to personal or private knowledge, which isgenerally left to individuals to pursue or ignore, public knowledge is promotedeven to those who might not think it matters to them. In short, the circulationof public knowledge, including the news, is generally regarded as a public goodwhich cannot be solely demand-driven.
The production, circulation andreception of public knowledge is a complex process. It is generally acceptedthat public knowledge should be authoritative, but there is not always commonagreement about what the public needs to know, who is best placed to relate andexplain it, and how authoritative reputations should be determined andevaluated. Historically, newspapers such as The Times and broadcasters such asthe BBC were widely regarded as the trusted shapers of authoritative agendasand conventional wisdom. They embodied the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition ofauthority as the ‘power over, or title to influence,the opinions of others’. As part of the general processof the transformation of authority whereby there has been a reluctance touncritically accept traditional sources of public knowledge, the demand hasbeen for all authority to make explicit the frames of value which determinetheir decisions. Centres of news production, as our focus groups show, have notbeen exempt from this process. Not surprisingly perhaps some news journalistsfeel uneasy about this renegotiation of their authority:
Editors are increasingly casting aglance at the ‘mostread’ lists on their own and other websites to work outwhich stories matter to readers and viewers. And now the audience—which used to know its place—is being askedto act as a kind of journalistic ombudsman, ruling on our credibility.(Broadcast journalist, 2008)
The result of democratising access to TVnews could be political disengagement by the majority and a dumbing downthrough apopularity contest of stories.