以下就是今天
句式结构在SAT考试中所扮演着重要的角色，也是考生必须熟练掌握的内容。以Mary burned her manuscript为例，SAT可能会说成 Mary’s manuscript was consigned to flames. 这其实都是在考察一个学生能否绕过这些复杂句式，抓住句子的主要意思的能力。SAT考察的是，一个句子不管它有多么长，考生看了后，能不能立即明白它到底在讲什么。其实，这对一个即将进入大学学习，需要大量阅读的学生来讲，也是非常重要的一个能力。
一、英语句子结构的原则
1、谓动单一性原则 在一个句子里，有且只有一个谓语动词。
2、主句单一性原则 在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句。(从句可以有若干个)
二、三大从句
1、名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句
引导词 (what/how/that/why/whether)
结构 主语从句
what+VO=n. for eg.???????
what+SV=n. What you said is right.
形式宾语 Make it possible for sb.to do ?
that/how/why/whether+SVO=n.
That the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs is known.It is known that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs.(形式主语居多)
**形式主语和强调句的区别
形式主语 It + v + (that +SVO)=n.
n.=it
强调句 It is/was + A + that + B
SVO=A+B
而且通常情况下 It is/was……是强调句
同位语从句
同位语的实质 n1,n2—n1=n2
S,n,VO.=S,引+svo,VO
前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。
The fact, that the ancestors of birds are dinosaurs, is known.
可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，例如：view/idea/suggestion/fact/reason/conclusion……
**同位语和定语从句的区别
同位语的句子中，前面的成分不应当在后面充当成分。
The fact, that the sun is round.
定语从句中，引导词充当成分。
The book, that you bought for me. “that”充当宾语。
Example
It is generally accepted that the single super continent known as Pangaea indeed existed, that Pangaea subsequently broke apart into two giant pieces, Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, and that the continents attached to the various crustal plates separated and drifted in various directions.
人们普遍接受，Pangaea 以一个特别大的陆地形式存在，后来他被分为两个大块，在南边的Gondwanaland 和在北边的Laurasia，他和那些在不同地壳上的大陆分开了并且向不同方向上漂移。
**如何找出复杂句中的谓语?
先找引导词，然后去掉随后的动词，还有动词的话，这个动词就是谓语。
2、形容词性从句=定语从句
引导词 (1)that/which/who(whom)(代词性)
(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)
结构 (1)that/which/who(whom)=S+VO=a.
This is pig that/which is very fat.
(1)that/which/who(whom)=O+SV=a.
因为代词性的引导词可以充当主语或宾语
This is the pig that/which I ate.(作宾语可省略引)
This is the pig from which I make fun.
引导词前的介词取决于后面的动词
This is the pig,which is very fast
This is the pig, (which)I ate.
This is the pig, from which I make fun.
(2)whose/when/where(非代词性)+SVO=a.
The book, whose cover is red, is quite interesting.
This is the place where(=in which 定语从句) I grew up. When 用在后面也可能是状从,也有可能是定从。
**具体分析举例
In his hypothesis that he developed based on it……
看上去该句的based 是一个n-ed的形式，但是她又是修饰谁呢?In his hypothesis() he developed that based on it….
因此可以看出，based 修饰that，而在此句中，that指代 hypothesis.
**形容词性从句的省略
当that/which在定语从句中充当宾语时，可将其省略。
This is the pig that/which I ate.
This is the pig I ate.
当that/which在定语从句中充当主语时，且从句的谓语动词为be动词时，可将其同时省略。
The house, which was built in 1919,was destroyed.
The house, built in 1919,was destroyed.
**个别情况下，which/as在引导定语从句时，也指代前面整个一句话。
As the plates drifted, they may have diverged, which(指代前面一句话) was associated with the spread of the seafloor, or they may have converged, which(指代前面一句话) resulted in collision, subduction, and mountain building.
**系表倒装
主系表结构 变成 表系主 结构成为系表倒装只限于介词词组在句首时
1、My hometown lies in Jilin province.
In Jilin province lies my hometown.
2、A,B,C….are among the species of seabirds.
Among the species of seabird are A,B,C….
3、副词性从句 =状语从句
引导词 when/though/while/although……
结构 when+s’+v’+adj/v-ing/v-ed,SVO.
When he was young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略的条件 s’=S v’=be
省略 When young, Jack was always beaten by his father.
省略 Other(联系同一类的名词，也就是说前面提到了chemical defenses) possible chemical defenses, while (they are 省略) not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycolproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes the degrade cell walls.
除了SAT阅读的句式结构，SAT每个阅读文章后面的问题问的也往往非常刁钻，许多学生把文章也看明白了，也可以根据一些做题技巧迅速排除2到3个无关选项，但在最后的两个选项中，怎么看都象是一回事，怎么看都不能很把握的把一个选项排除。事实上，学生在做有关SAT阅读试题时候，如果选择错误，错误的选项往往是惊人的一致。就是说，他们往往都会选择到那个迷惑性最强的选项。
时间的紧迫性也是SAT阅读的难点之一。在70分钟内(SAT的阅读和句子填空在考试时候是放在一个部分考察的)，除了要完成19道句子填空题外，还要完成7篇文章的阅读，然后再完成48道阅读理解试题，除去阅读段落内容所需的时间,要求考生在不超过1分钟的时间内应对每一道题。而许多阅读试题，为了确定正确答案，还必须要经常回到原文里去寻找答案线索，而这一切都是要在短短的70分钟内完成，可以说，实在是有点强人所难了。这就对考生在阅读能力上面提出了更高的要求，不仅要能把文章看懂题目做正确，而且还要学会快速扫读，把握全文核心意思，并且还要关注文章的细节性问题。
相关推荐: