16. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement，historians have focused a great
deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various
periods. (3+)在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动(feminist movement)的缘故，史学家近
年来汇聚了大量的注意力，来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。 Focus A on
B; 难句类型：倒装
17. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient
Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact
–real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of
women’s rule in their own society . (4) 如果我们先研究一下为什么古人会提到亚马逊人，下面
的一点就变得清晰了，那就是古希腊对于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达观察的历史
事实——真正的亚麻逊社会的——而是为了对于妇女在其社会中的统治的预期后果提供一
种“道德教导”。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词
18. Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger
equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an
approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and
relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to
an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. (5)
因此，举例来说，对数学家而言，了解到下述情形可能会令其惊愕不已，即薛定谔
(Schrodinger)的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种绝然正确的描述，而仅仅是个近
似值，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内
的方程式;而这个得以纠正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一个不完美的近似值，趋近于无穷
无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略
19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is convincing only if
it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，
whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small
perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)
物理学家恐惧于那些精确无误的论据不无道理，因为某种只有在它是精确无误的条件下才令
人置信的论据，一旦它赖于建立其上的假设稍有变化，便会失去它一部的作用;而与此相反，
一个尽管并不精确无误但却令人置信的论据，在其基本假设(underlying assumption)稍微
受干扰的情况下，仍然有可能是站得住脚的。难句类型：复杂修饰
20. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a
women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who
remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)
起初，蓝袜女们确实模仿了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，随着她们
获得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女性团体，并拥有了一种妇女团结意识，而这种意识
在法国沙龙女主人身上则荡然无存，因为她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而彼此孤立
隔绝开来。难句类型：复杂修饰
SAT 长难句解析第二章
21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional
similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that
seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)
随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对
结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈
越的鸿沟。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略
22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those
circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as
instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)
，
的，而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨，会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。难
句类型：复杂修饰
23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of
aesthetic? (3)这究竟是一种缺陷呢，还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进
行创作，抑或是在试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?难句类型：插入语
24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on
expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme
that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more
naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)不仅如此，有些黑人小说(比如JT 的甘蔗)的风格
接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技巧是否为流行的主题提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种
主题刻画了黑人注意与之相抗争的命运，这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的
主题。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
pit 作动词时，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，还有使竞争、使斗争的意思，其英文释义为：to set as
gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against
25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process
some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an
Ex-Colored Man. (4)注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A
《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却
鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是有
色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。难句类型：倒装