Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.
Passage 1 is an excerpt from The Infuence of Sea Power Upon History by A. T. Mahan, originally published in 1890. Passage 2 is an excerpt from Maritime Security, Sea Power, and Trade, a speech given in 2014 by Tom Kelly, the Acting Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Political-Military Afairs.
1 The author of Passage 1 implies that a coastal nation’s primary goal in building a navy is to
A) attack other nations.
B) protect trading ships.
C) defend its coastlines.
D) threaten its trading partners.
2. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
A) lines 1-7 (“The…others.”)
B) lines 10-15 (“Foreign necessaries…vessels”)
C) lines 20-26 (“In …sea.”)
D) lines 34-41 (“The wise…rests”)
3. In line 4, the word “common” most nearly means
A) public land.
B) political group.
C) legal right.
D) shared condition.
4. In line 12, the word “bearing” most nearly means
A) carrying.
B) allowing.
C) supporting.
D) yielding.
5. The author’s central claim in Passage 2 is that
A) the continued prosperity of the U.S. depends on keeping the oceans secure.
B) U.S. foreign policy must change to focus on maintaining control of the seas.
C) the U.S. military is crucial to defending domestic waters.
D) the security of the world’s oceans is increasingly at risk by enemies of the U.S.
6. The author of Passage 2 implies that the United States might not have become a superpower were it not for its
A) economic strength.
B) geographical position.
C) superior military.
D) natural resources.
7. Which choice best supports the answer to the previous question?
A) lines 46-48 (“They…force.”)
B) lines 58 (“Maritime trade… life blood.”)
C) lines 61-63 (“Today…interests”)
D) lines 76-78 (“Our security…capacity”)
8. Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 focuses on
A) the benefits of trading with other nations via the oceans.
B) the relationship of economic and military power.
C) the shifting of maritime policies to adapt to
changing circumstances. D) the importance of the oceans for a specific nation.
9 In Passage 2, the discussion of climate change primarily serves to
A) convey the gravity of the threat to the oceans.
B) stress the power of Mother Nature.
C) exemplify the many factors affecting maritime security.
D) suggest a plausible government initiative.
10 The author of Passage 2 would most probably view Passage 1’s claim about “natural conditions (line 32- 33)” with
A) approval, because he sees the nation’s oceans as a strategic advantage.
B) skepticism, because he believes in both naval power and diplomacy.
C) hostility, because his professional background is in trade.
D) anxiety, because he is worried about the effects of climate change.
11 Based on the passages, both authors connect the idea of sea power with
A) the ineffectiveness of the Navy in protecting trade.
B) a leader’s desire to present territorial disputes.
C) a country’s political and economic advancement.
D) the rights guaranteed to all people by natural law.