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一、语料与素材的积累
一般学生讲口语的大脑活动是先用中文思考，其次是根据中文所想的意思翻译成英文单词，再把这些单词根据主谓宾等语法知识组装成句，最后考虑单词的发音、语音语调等连词成句。而口语比较好的同学往往直接想到的是英文表达，然后是chunks，就是我们常说的语块，因为已经是积累好的句子，不需要再考虑语法等因素，所以可以直接脱口而出。这就像电脑开机一样，程序越少，速度越快。在考试之前多积累地道的语料而不是一味的选择网上的模版，才能更加从容的面对考试来取得高分。
以2017.10.14托福口语Task 2为例：Should government limit violence and bad language on television. Do you agree or disagree?
很多学生可以会选择disagree,原因可以是许多电影需要借助战争来宣扬爱国主义，而战争中又必定会涉及血腥与暴力，那么这一点理由为：Some movies need to express patriotism and educate citizens by wars, which contain violence and bloodiness, like Wolf Warrior 2 tells a story of a former Chinese Special Forces Operative rescuing compatriots and local friends in a war-torn region of Africa occupied by insurgents and mercenaries.这段关于《战狼2》的表述来自英美人士必读的精神早餐《经济学人》，该段积累下来还适用于 “Describe the most interesting/impressive movie”等题，也可以根据这个语言结构框架进行改写，变成自己想说的其他电影，表述会更加流畅地道。
再比如TPO21 Task 1: Talk about an important news event that happened recently in your country. Describe the event and explain why it was important.很多学生看见 “news event”就大脑一片空白，不知从何说起，或者脑海里只有中文意思，对于新闻类的话题难以在短时间内直接用英文表述出来。以中国首架自制民用飞机C919举例: China’s first home-made large passenger jet was scheduled to take off in Shanghai, the narrow-body passenger plane made by state-run Comac as a triumph of indigenous innovation. 也可以说“一带一路”政策，One Belt and One Road initiative.
二、扩充细节的方法之“from…to…” 列举法
这种方法通常当作第二个supporting details，相当于 “for example”，可以并列两个同类或异类的事物，描述其种类繁多。以 “Do you prefer to eat at home or eat out”为例：As for me, I prefer to eat out in various of restaurants, cuz it has wide section of food, from authentic Chinese cuisine to western-style food, from savory dishes to bland snacks, hence loads of mouth-watering food can meet my appetite and leave lasting impression on me. 这里 “authentic Chinese cuisine”指的是地道的中国菜，一般学生只会想到traditional Chinese food, 而好吃第一个想到的词就是 “delicious”, 需要注意替换词的积累。而对于某事使我留下深刻印象会表述为 “sth. leaves deep impression on me” 而对于native speaker来讲，”lasting”才是更加地道的表达方法。
再以2017.08.27 Task 1一个经典三选一题型为例。
Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three options for the use of the land.
A. The athletic facilities stadiums
B. A park with nature trails
C. Centers for students and hotel for campus guests
此题只需作出选择，并给出合理解释即可。如选择 “The athletic facilities stadiums”可以从学生通过做各种运动来强身健体，排解压力或者参加团队运动锻炼团队合作精神等。”I tend to choose the athletic facilities stadiums, cuz students can work out there, from doing push-ups to sit-ups, from plank to Russian twist, which can befit them to strengthen their muscles and build up cardiovascular system, or get rid of stress after high-intensive study. 这里用 “from…to…” 来并列几个健身运动的动作，这种表述也适用于gym, court, square等描述地点的题型，要学会同类话题合并及举一反三。
同理，再看TPO27 Task 1: Talk about a popular actor, musician or artist whose work you do not admire.
这道题属于人物类话题中的名人类，可以从人物的外貌、性格、作品等角度入手。”Well, personally I’m not fascinated by a Korean music band, from their weird dressing style to flamboyant makeup, from aggressive personality to terrible works, from impolite behaviors to constant scandals, hence I have no motivation and passion to appreciate their albums. 这里用 “from…to…” 连接几个形容词+名词的结构来表达不喜欢的原因，比较工整并且容易在原有的结构上删减修改形成自己的答案，再应用于别的话题中。
“from…to…” 列举法是一种学生比较容易理解并应用的扩充细节的方法，能够通过快速并列几种事物来展开阐述自己的原因，把脑海里破碎的单词在短时间内形成chunks，在有效的时间内完成答题。并且适用范围广，在人物、地点、物品、事件题型中均可使用，而当作第二个supporting detail即时学生在时间不够的情况下结束答题也不会有违和感。
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