托福官方指南OG对Task1的定义为Personal Preference(个人偏好),具体的解释为:This question asks the test taker to express and defend a personal choice from a given category- for example, important people, places, events, or activities that the test taker enjoys(这个问题要求考生针对所提供的话题表达观点并解释自己的选择,这个话题有可能是关于一个重要的人、地方、事件或者喜欢的活动)。
由此我们可以知道Task1主要是考察学生对于一个具体对象的描述能力,描述对象的范围包含人、地、物、事等。比如:
What do you miss most about your home when you are away? Use specific details in your explanation.(TPO4,首考时间2006.10.8)
If you could have any job or career you wanted, which would you choose and why? Give specific details to explain your response. (TPO16,首考时间2008.3.2)
Talk about a special opportunity that was given to you. Explain why the opportunity was important.(TPO17,首考时间2006.10.18)
Choose a quality that you think makes someone a valuable member of a team. Explain why you think it is an important quality for a team or group member to have.(TPO20,首考时间2007.3.15)
我们把这类题目称为“描述类”话题,这是新托福改革之初Task1的主要考试题型,但随着考试场次增加,Task1的题型也出现了新的变化。
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变化一:“三选一”成为主导题型
在近几年的考试中,Task1的考试话题虽然仍旧可以从大类上划分为“人、地、物、事”,但传统的“描述类”题型已经被“三选一”题型代替。2017年的42场考试中,有28场考试的task1都是三选一题型。这类考题要求考生在给定的三个选项中选取自己倾向的选项,并用证据来详细地解释支持自己的选择。比如:
The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why.
1.A theater performance by the student actors.
2.A concert provided by professional musician.
3.A lecture from a professor(2017.1.7)
Which background do you think would be the best for a government leader?
1.law 2.military 3.business(2017.12.10)
“三选一”考题将考生的答题范围做了圈定,话题越来越具体,考生提前准备的内容通用性下降,备考难度增加。
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变化二:“描述类”题目主要为“讲故事”
相比之前多样的描述对象,近几年考到的描述类题目对象多为活动或事件。2017年考到的7道描述类题目中就有6道在此范围内。比如:
Recall an argument that you have ever had with others and describe the details of the conflict.(2017.3.4)
Describe an experience in which you hurt another person's feeling unintentionally.(2017.10.21)
考生可以根据个人经验来回答这类考题,给考官“讲故事”。在回答时,考生需要特别注意时态的使用。
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变化三:“建议类”题目考频增加
“建议类”题目要求考生针对一个可能发生的行为或场景,提出自己的意见或建议。话题主要围绕考生熟悉的生活学习场景。例如:
Your friend wants to come to your country and what things do you suggest him to do and not to do to be polite and respectful.(2017.4.23)
A foreign teacher is going to be a teacher in your school. What advice would you like to give to him and why?(2017.12.9)
,并基本保持了每两个月出现一次的考试频率,考生在备考时也要注意掌握这类题型的答题方法。
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变化四:“利弊类”题目保有一席
“利弊类”题目是2011年首次在大陆出现的Task1新题型,以后每年都会考到,其中2016年考到次数最多。这类题目要求学生对一种现象、一种个人行为或学校的一项政策分析其优点以及缺点。2017年最后一场考试的Task1考察了本年度唯一一道“利弊题”。
Talk about the advantages and/or disadvantages of surprise quizzes in class(2017.12.17)
在遇到这类题目时,考生需要注意看清advantage和disadvantage之间的连接词是and还是or,即题目要求考生在回答问题时优缺点都要谈到,还是选择其中一个方面回答即可。考生要按题目要求答题,不要遗漏要点。
尽管题目变化多样,大家只要用心准备,平时限时练习做到位, 注意积累自己的语料和素材,考试的时候一定会应对自如的。
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