Question:
Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of optimal foraging.
1、题目关键词：using the example, explain, the concept of optimal foraging
2、答题要领：
(1)Briefly state the concept of optimal foraging.
(2)Use the example in the lecture to illustrate the concept.
3、阅读材料要点：
(1)Animals lose energy in the process of obtaining food.
(2)To save energy, animals will minimize the energy they expend in the foraging process and maximize the nutritional benefits.
(3)The act is known as optimal foraging.
4、听力材料要点：
(1)There’s a bird that feeds on a type of shellfish that has a hard outer shell.
(2)When the bird preys, it carefully selects only the biggest shellfish.
(3)To crack the shellfish and then eat the meat, the bird carries the shellfish to a certain height,no more, no less, and then drop it.
(4)In this way, the bird expends only the right amount of energy that it needs to obtain the food.
5、模板：
(1) In this set of materials, the reading passage introduces the concept of optimal foraging and the listening material is a lecture by a professor on an example about the topic.
(2) The reading passage introduces a concept of optimal foraging
(3) In the lecture, the speaker illustrates an example of a bird to explain the concept of optimal foraging further
范文：Optimal foraging is an energy-efficient approach for animals to obtain food. For example, there’s a type of bird that eats shellfish. The bird needs to grab the shellfish in the shallow water, carry the shellfish into the air and then drop it on the rock below. The bird will only select the biggest shellfish to make sure it gets the most amount of energy for its efforts. Also, the bird only carries the shellfish to a specific height. If the height is lower, it will probably need to drop the shellfish many times before the shell cracks open. If the height is higher than necessary, it would waste the bird’s energy. So this bird just spends the necessary amount of energy to obtain food.