TASK 1 Independent Speaking, Personal Preference
Students study in a variety of ways. Explain how your study habits are different from those of other students you know.
TASK 2 Independent Speaking, Paired Choice
Some people like to shop in large grocery stores and department stores. Other people prefer to shop in small specialty stores or shops. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
TASK 3 Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking
An Art Museum at the University?
Many universities have their own art museums, with collections of paintings and sculptures by well-known artists. I think our university should create a similar museum on our own campus. Such a museum would give our students an opportunity to learn to appreciate high-quality fine art. It would be a great way for us to see artworks that we might not have access to other wise. In order to pay for the museum, the university could write letters to alumni asking them to donate money to help build the museum. I’m sure that many former students love art and would be glad to donate money to help the university build a museum here.
Sincerely
Diane Miller
Question: The man expresses his opinion about the letter-writer’s proposal. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state the man’s opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.
TASK 4 Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking
Optimal Foraging
Food provides animals with the energy they need to survive. However, animals also lose energy in the process of obtaining, or foraging, for food. Therefore, in order to conserve energy, many animals behave in ways that minimize the energy they expend in the foraging process while at the same time maximizing their nutritional benefits. This energy-efficient approach to obtaining food is known as optimal foraging. The practice of optimal foraging allows animals to expend the least possible amount of energy while at the same time obtaining prey with high food value that will provide them with necessary nutrients.
Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of optimal foraging.
TASK 5 Integrated Listening/Speaking
Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.
TASK 6 Integrated Listening/Speaking
Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain two ways that advertising can negatively affect the environment.
Q1
I study differently than the rest of my classmates. When I study, I need to have a quiet and calm place in order to concentrate on what I am working on. Other students in my class prefer to have the radio or television on which is too distracting to me. I find I draw my attention to the song that is playing or the plot of the story on television. I waste too much time focusing on that instead of focusing on my task. Also, I am an avid note-taker. During lectures, not only do I take a lot notes but I also record the professor so that if I miss anything or need to go over again, I can simply listen to what they said in order to have complete notes. My friends on the other hand, take few notes or even sleep in class!
Q2
I prefer to shop in a large grocery and department store because of the convenience. First, they offer a wide variety of products. I can go and buy my fresh vegetables, my dry goods as well as shop for whatever else I may need for my house. Whether I need clothes, electronics or tools, I do not have to go to many different stores to do all my shopping. Second, I find that prices are often lower at the department store because they sell a lot more products than smaller stores do. This allows me to save more money and I am either able to buy more things that I need or splurge on a luxury item, such as a really nice pair of jeans compared to buying the cheaper and lower quality pair.
I would rather shop in small specialty stores or shops because they give a better shopping experience. First, they are often much quieter. A small shop has fewer customers so there are less people shouting over each other to make their purchases or find what the need to buy. I find I can relax and take my time purchasing what I need to buy and enjoy conversation with either the shop owners or other shoppers. Second, it is easier to find what I am looking for when I got to a specific shop. If I need to get meat, I go to the butcher or if I need a certain tool, I go to the hardware store. Smaller stores also have a bigger selection of the products they are selling so I can choose depending on quality or price. Often in the bigger shops, it is difficult to find what I am looking for and if they have it, they will have much less options.
Q3
Diane proposes that the university should build an art museum but the woman in the conversation disagrees with this proposal and she has two reasons for her opinion.
First, she says that students don’t need a new art museum on campus to see artwork. The country art museum is just half an hour away. To get there, students can hop on a bus to and with their student IDs, pay two dollars for admission. There they can see some of the greatest art in the world from well-renowned artists.
Second, it’s unlikely that the university would receive any donation soon to cover the cost. The new student center and library were both donated by generous alumni and they were very expensive projects. They probably won't donate much money anytime soon.
Q4
Optimal foraging is an energy-efficient approach for animals to obtain food. For example, there’s a type of bird that eats shellfish. The bird needs to grab the shellfish in the shallow water, carry the shellfish into the air and then drop it on the rock below. The bird will only select the biggest shellfish to make sure it gets the most amount of energy for its efforts. Also, the bird only carries the shellfish to a specific height. If the height is lower, it will probably need to drop the shellfish many times before the shell cracks open. If the height is higher than necessary, it would waste the bird’s energy. So this bird just spends the necessary amount of energy to obtain food.
Q5
The man’s problem is that it’s the end of the semester and he needs to rewrite the lab report for his biology class. He has two choices to either stay on campus to revise his report and get his grade now or take an incomplete in the class and submit the paper next semester. I think he should submit the report when he returns in the fall semester. He can take his time and use the whole summer holiday to write the paper. If he needs additional materials, he can always find them on the Internet. Also, by choosing this way he doesn’t have to stay on campus and miss the family reunion this weekend.
Q6
The first way that advertising can negatively affect the environment is by wasting natural resources. This happens when the advertising is not useful for consumers. For example, the professor got a big booklet advertising kitchen renovation but the professor doesn’t even own a house. All the paper and trees are wasted because the advertising is irrelevant to the professor.
The second way is by damaging the natural beauty of the environment. For example, there is a road passing through a beautiful place in the mountains and there are a lot of billboards advertising various products. It’s impossible for people to fully appreciate the beauty of the landscape.
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