本文是tpo42口语task4原文，备考
TASK 4 Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking
Reading Part:
Habituation
Habituation is a form of learning that is quite common among animals. When an animal experiences a situation for the first time, particularly one it considers threatening, it may instinctively respond by running away or by warning other members of its community with alarm calls. Normally, it responds this way each time the situation occurs. However, if through continuous and prolonged exposure the animal learns that the situation is harmless the behavior gradually diminishes. Ultimately, it will stop responding to the situation altogether. Thus, through habituation a natural or instinctive behavior gradually changes.
Question:
The man disagrees with the decision announced in the student newspaper. Explain why the university made the decision and why the man disagrees with.
材料要点重现：教授举了一个土拨鼠的例子。当人类经过土拨鼠时，它们就会像狗一样叫，并且上蹿下跳，以此来警告周围的同伴。但是当人们每天不停的经过它们时，它们就不会再有如此反应了。
高分词汇：frequently, instinctively, prey on
范文：In the lecture, the professor mainly talked about the theory that through habituation a natural behavior gradually changes. To reinforce the theory, the professor gave an example in his speech. That is, assume prairie dogs live in an area where human beings frequently come and go. The first time the animals see a person, they’d react by barking like a dog and jumping up and down instinctively to warn or alert other prairie dogs nearby, they’d do the same to the animal that preys on them, such as a snake or a hawk. This kind of reaction is out of their fear. And they’d keep an eye on the human beings until these possible threatening individuals are gone. However, if people pass through the area day by day without hurting them, then the prairie dogs will gradually stop barking and jumping up and down when they see a person passing through the area, they’d stop reacting to humans as a threat. And that's the example the speaker presented to explain his idea.
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