智课网翟少成老师详解托福考试口语评分标准及样本分析

　　1. 表述(delivery)

　　考生在考试的过程中，一定要注意表述地口齿清晰(clear speech)，保持流利(fluid)，节奏(pace)要稳定，切忌时快时慢。在平时的训练中，考生要注意纠正自己的语音(pronunciation)和语调(intonation)。部分考生有时可能会偏重发音，而忽视了语调的重要性，这是在练习的过程中需要注意的。语调和语音在考试中一样的重要，因此考生应当分配相似的精力来进行准备。

　　2. 语言运用(language use)

　　在语言的运用中，需要注意的主要是语法(grammar)和词汇的选择(word choice)。

　　新托福考试虽然取消了语法部分的考试内容，但考生在每个模块的测试中都会使用语法规则来遣词造句。比如，在口语和写作中就会考察到语法，考察的要点包括考生的语法基础，语法选择是否复杂，以及使用的精确度。因此，考生还是要注意语法的学习与运用。

　　3. 题目的扩展(topic development)

　　此项主要考察的是：在对题目进行表述的过程中，考生是否能够清楚地表达自己的观点，是否能够表述出相关的信息等。

　　对于中国的考生来说，因为中英文思维方式的不同，所以这个部分应该是最困难的。中国考生在回答的过程中，可能回答的内容很多，但观点之间的联系并不紧密，甚至会出现自相矛盾的情况，因此，在练习和考试的过程中，考生需要特别地注意。

　　根据以上几个标准，翟少成老师总结了七个方面供考生进行参考，更便于其对

　　四分(满分)的标准

　　在四分的标准中，首先要求考生能够完整地回答问题。考官需要完全理解考生表述的内容。在这个过程中，考生要注意表述时的语音及语调。因为在英文的表述中，语调能够表达出说话者的态度和观点。这对于考官理解考生的表达内容有很大的影响，因此，考生一定要注意自己回答问题时的语调，清晰表述自己的态度和观点。还有，考生回答时的逻辑表达方式也不可忽视。其次，满分的答案也需要一定的流利度，四分的答案可能要比三分的答案多几十个单词。这就要求考生有一定的流利度，保证回答的语速。

　　部分中国考生可能会担心自己的口音问题。在发音中，口音对于外国人来讲几乎是很难避免的，考生需要尽力纠正，但在不影响整体效果的情况下也不必过于担心。

　　另外，要想得到四分，考生也要准确使用一些较难的语法结构及词汇。但在口语当中，也要注意不要使用过于偏僻的生词，以防影响考官的理解。争取做到： Talk like a child, write like an adult.

　　最后，考生也需切记，满分的答案也并不是完美的，也会有部分微小的错误，但考官只允许不影响整体理解的小错误，而不是大型的语法或发音错误。
#p#副标题#e#

　　这里有两个满分的示例及考官的评价。在这两篇范例中，都存在不同形式的小错误，却没有影响考官最后给予满分的决定。

　　(1)I think/the first-year students/should live on campus/that is because/the first year/ especially the first semester/ they will have a heavy load of subjects/they have to follow/and that means they ha/they have to be able to be/uh/on time/in campus//and also/uh/the first year of campus life/needs them to familiarized/with buildings/with the surroundings/with the environment/of the campus itself//so/more times in campus nee/will uh/help them to do that// and/also/you you have to have lots of friends to be uh/able to/make yourself at home/in the campus//at least/this is the home of you/in the next four years/so it's important to socialize//

　　考官评价：The speaker maintains an even pace throughout the response with little noticeable hesitancy. (Fluency) Her speech is clear with few pronunciation errors. She is able to use intonation effectively to convey meaning. (Pronunciation & Intonation) The errors are generally minor and do not pose a problem for the listener. She provides a fairly complete answer to the question. (Answer to the question) She clearly states her opinion and then gives several reasons to explain why she thinks first-year students should live on campus. Most of the ideas are well supported. Overall, the response is complete and clearly presented. (Organization) She makes some systematic mistakes of grammar and minor errors of word choice… (Not perfect)

　　(2)Both horses/and antelopes/are herd animals//but they are differ/in the um domestication//horses are fo/um/tend to follow/one horse at a time/to/in a herd//because they understand the hierarchy/of the leader/of the group//whereas antelope/does not follow/this same pattern//this could be seen/by the example of/um/putting two males together/in the/in the group of antelopes/and they will not/let render the leadership/to another male antelope/until they/one of them/wins in the fight/that means that/it is not natural/for the antelopes/to follow human/as their leaders//and domestication/efforts/they would fight/and not easily tamed/as horses do.

　　考官评价：The speaker demonstrates a fairly good range of grammar and vocabulary (Grammar & vocabulary) that allows her to express ideas somewhat fluently. (Fluency) Overall, her speech is a little choppy but clear, and she makes fairly good use of intonation patterns to help convey information. (Clear speech & intonation) She covers the key information from the combined reading and listening material, with some minor omissions. (Integrated task) While she includes a lot of detail in her response, some ideas are not fully developed. (Organization) In general, she was able to complete the content requirements satisfactorily but struggled a bit with grammar and word choice with the more difficult content. (Answer to the question) She does make some noticeable errors of agreement and word form and is not very successful at using new vocabulary introduced in the reading and listening material… (Not perfect)

　　三分的标准

　　对于三分来说，考官总体上能够理解考生的回答，但考生的回答并不是全面的，只包含了一部分问题的答案。此外，托福对于语言运用的要求依旧十分严格，单纯地使用简单的语法及词汇会严重地影响考生的得分。
#p#副标题#e#

　　这里有一篇三分的示例以及考官的评价。

　　(1)It's better if/at the first-year/the students? [sleep] in the ? [dermeritries]/on a campus/because it’s very difficult/the kind of adaptation they have to suffer/because it’s their first/year/and um first experience/in that place/so they need help/to recognize a ? [location] they need time to/to um/to ? [live] all those/um/aspects/um/to have more friends/and/because the first year/is the more difficult/because of adaptation/they need to be more closely relations.

　　考官评价：The speaker’s delivery is generally good. (Delivery) She is able to sustain speech at a mostly consistent pace. (Fluency) While interference from the speaker’s first language is evident in her speech, mispronunciations only occasionally interfere with the listener’s ability to follow. (Pronunciation) While the response does not convey information relevant to the topic, (Answer to question) in general, the development of ideas is limited. (Organization) As mentioned, some key ideas are vaguely expressed or unsupported. Overall, the speech is mostly intelligible, but ideas are sometimes unclear due to the limitations in vocabulary. (Vocabulary) The speaker’s grammatical range, while not sophisticated, is appropriate to the task with only minor errors evident. However, there are errors of word choice. (Grammar)

　　两分的标准

　　在两分的标准中，可以清楚地看到其与三分或是四分标准的不同之处，消极的评价占了大部分篇幅。对于部分得了两分的考生来说，理解综合部分的听力或许就存在困难，从而导致后续的答题出现困难，出现了一些不准确的回答。而在语言运用的标准中，不准确地使用较难的语法和词汇或是单纯地使用简单语法和词汇都会影响成绩。

　　因此，翟少成老师建议大家可以使用一些较难的语法，但同时也一定要保证它的准确度。

　　根据以上对评分标准及样本的分析，翟老师为考生们总结了针对评分标准的七个练习要点。

　　练习要点(Training focus)

　　在口语中，切题对考生来说并不算困难，相信大多数考生稍加注意便可以做到。其次，要想让考官听懂你的回答，就一定要注意自己的发音，但更重要的是语言的逻辑。中国考生一定要加强对逻辑的训练。至于流利度和语法，考生可以通过造句的方式作为平时的练习，造句对提升口语的流利性有很大的帮助，考生造句的速度越快，其口语的流利性也就越高。急速造句法不仅可以帮助考生整合其语法知识，还可以帮助其练习口语，句子结构及表达。而在词汇的选择中，大多数考生的词汇在口语部分应该是够用的，口语词汇相对于书面词汇较为简单，因此考生应该注意，口语的问题可能并不是因为词汇量不够造成的，所以考生对自己的词汇量要有一定的信心。
#p#副标题#e#

　　老师背景介绍

　　主讲内容：托福口语,GRE阅读

　　出版物：《TOEFL口语词汇小伴侣》、《新托福口语胜经》、《GRE阅读高分与精练》、《GMAT阅读高分与精练》