2015年12月GMAT阅读真题回顾及解析!GMAT的阅读题部分在考试中，也会经常出现一些类似的话题，所以我们在备考的时候可以去找一些相关的资料去分析一下，积累多了就会形成很好的背景知识了。对大家考试提供一定的帮助。
2015年12月GMAT阅读真题：公司提高利润的方法
1. 公司提高利润的方法
主要内容：
第一段：公司希望提高绩效，consulting firms推荐activity-based method。这个方法是一个长时间才能看出效果的方法，虽然可以提高士气(improve morale),提高客户忠实度(consumer loyalty)，以及员工之间的交流(communication)，但不能增加公司利润。
第二段：另外一种方法，target based method，可以明确工作目标，工作步骤，短期提高利润。
问题：
1. 主旨题
参考答案：文章指出一种方法(approach)的不足之处，并提出另外一种方法
2. 高亮题， total quality是什么意思?
参考答案：大概是说这个方法虽然有一些不足，但是优势远远超过不足之处.
2015年12月GMAT阅读真题：欧洲不同语言文化
2. 欧洲语言为啥不同
主要内容
第一段：大家普遍认为欧洲的语言是从别处发展来的，但是对于语言是如何传播的并没有统一的意见。传统观点认为欧洲移民是从东南到西北快速入侵的，因为他们的技术先进，掌握了马和车轮技术
第二段+第三段：
新观点认为这种迁入是逐渐的(gradual)。作者用了三个例子来支撑：第一，与基因相关;第二，与打猎(hunting)相关;第三，跟语言的多样性(diversity)相关
问题：
1.gradual的迁入说明了什么?
2. 取非题：如果语言是“一蹴而就”的，会出现什么现象?
参考答案：语言就会多样化了。
3. 第一段提到了语言迁移是一蹴而就的，然后就举例关于K这种人，为什么要提到这类人?
2015年12月GMAT阅读真题：所得税减免政策
3. 所得税减免政策
主要内容
美国政府为了刺激房市，推出政策给购房者提供税收优惠，经济学家对此进行反驳：第一，银行的钱都借给个人买房，造成没有商业贷款可以贷了;第二，房价飙升，如果只是对需求(demand)补贴，而供方(supply)没有弹性的话，房价会升高。第三，加大贫富差距，富人交的钱更少了。
参考文章
At first blush, the mortgage interest income taxdeduction seems like a greatthing. You get to deduct your mortgage interest from your income. This savesyou money and encourages homeownership nationwide (believed to produce positiveexternalities such as crime reduction, community, etc.).
But beneath the surface, themortgage tax deduction disproportionately benefits the wealthy and createsperverse incentives and market distortions that are plainly bad for America. Ideal with these issues one by one:
(1) Good for the rich: since theUS tax code allows the deduction of mortgage interest directly from yourincome, those that benefit the most are those with the most income. The verypoor cannot afford to buy a home, so they do not benefit at all. Poorhomeowners benefit very little because they do not pay much in income taxes.But the wealthy receive huge tax breaks from the interest on their jumboMcMansion mortgages.
(2) Perverse incentives: becauseof the huge mortgage interest tax break, high income earners are then encouraged (and subsidized) to buy ever more expensive mansions and borrow even more moneythrough ever larger jumbo mortgages.
What to Do Next
The rational policy choice wouldbe to eliminate the mortgage tax deduction. The federal government can stillencourage homeownership (distinguished from mansion-buying) by instituting aHousing Tax Credit. The credit could be cost-neutral and take the average costper family of the current deduction, and give that amount out as a tax creditto any family or individual who wishes to purchase a home. A standard creditwould make sure that regardless of a family's income they would receive thesame nominal incentive. This would provide more incentive for poor people tobuy a home (the credit would likely be worth more to them than the currentdeduction) and waste less taxpayer money on subsidizing the mansions of thewealthy. Moreover, such a policy could potentially spur homeownership amonglower-income families, which could help us dig our way out of the housingcrisis. Let's hope the next president has the foresight to do something aboutthis
2015年12月GMAT阅读真题：青蛙如何抵御紫外线
4. 青蛙抵御紫外线
主要思路：
某种酶对青蛙的孵化率hatching rate和免疫系统在UV的照射下的影响
主要内容：
第一段：两个科学家做蛙卵的孵化率的实地研究(field study)，发现孵化率在不断降低，于是就用青蛙卵做孵化实验。用了三个品种的卵拿来照紫外线，第一个品种在紫外线辐射下孵化率仍然很高，另外两种卵的孵化率则明显下降。第一个品种因为含有某种酶，此酶很活跃(activity)，因此抵挡紫外线，所以孵化率仍然很高;另外两个酶的活跃度较低，所以孵化率下降，必须减少紫外线照射孵化率才会回升。于是证明酶跟孵化率有关。又说青蛙和癞蛤蟆卵对太阳光中的紫外线辐射UV的忍耐度不太一样，有些忍耐力很强，有些则很容易就被杀死。三种蛙，有一类具有很高的耐受性，另外两种不太行，有了UV就死了，只有把UV移去才能恢复正常。而且紫外线照射不仅会影响卵的生长，还会影响青蛙的免疫系统，青蛙的免疫系统受到破坏就很容易受到一种叫S的真菌感染。
第二段：人类污染导致臭氧减少，紫外线升高，于是很多蛙类的孵化率降低。最后，因为缺乏以前的紫外线和青蛙孵化数据，所以仍然无法得出确切的结论。
题目
1. 主旨题
参考答案：1选阐述科学发现那个
2identify an explanation to some findings
参考文章
Blaustein and his colleagues tested whether or not UV-B could be a factor in lowering the hatching rate of amphibian(两栖动物) eggs. At two field sites, they divided the eggs of each of three amphibian species into three groups (Figure 3.6). The first group developed without any sun filter(过滤器，滤光器). The second group developed under a filter(滤波器，过滤器) that allowed UV-B to pass through. The third group developed under a filter that blocked UV-B from reaching the eggs. For Hylaregilla, the filters had no effect, and hatching success was excellent under all three conditions. For Ranacascadea and Bufoboreas, however, the UV-B blocking filter raised the percentage of eggs hatched from about 60% to close to 80%.
The environmental programs of experimental embryology(胚胎学) were a major part of the discipline when Entwicklungsmechanik was first established. However, it soon became obvious that experimental variables could be better controlled in the laboratory than in the field, and that a scientist could do many more experiments in the laboratory. Thus, field experimentation in embryology dwindled(变小) in the first decades of the twentieth century (see Nyhart 1995). However, with our increasing concern about the environment, this area of developmental biology has become increasingly important. Other recent work in this field will be detailed in Chapter 21.