Manhattan语法中文笔记之代词

　　代词是GMAT考试中常见的考点，每次遇到代词你是否能够清晰的区分出它所指代的意义呢?如果有时候会觉得比较吃力，那么就来看看Manhattan语法中文笔记之代词吧。

　　代词

　　代词是GMAT中最常见的考点，每次见到介词的时候都应检查指代是否清晰。

　　(一)先行词必须存在

　　注意有些名词是作为形容词、所有格在用，这样的名词不能作为先行词;名词作为先行词

　　的条件是该名词一定要具备名词功能。

　　EG: The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating

　　to it. It无指代对象，因为park在此处是形容词，真正的主语是park rangers。

　　(二)先行词和代词并同时有意义

　　将代词换为先行词，该句子必须还是有意义，说的通

　　EG: (错)Although the term ”supercomputer” may sound wonderful, it is simply and machine that can execute tril- lions of calculations every second.

　　(对): Although the term "supercomputer" may sound fanciful or exaggerated, it simply REFERS TO an extremely fast mainframe that can execute tril- lions of calculations every second.

　　此处,it指代就有问题,“term”不是机器，“term”指的是机器。所以要用“refer to”

　　(三)代词的指代必须清晰

　　每一个代词都只能有一个清晰的先行词，如有多个的话，指代是模糊的。

　　(四)代词和先行词的单复数必须一致,GMAT为了迷惑，会在主语和主句前面，加上从句，比如：along with…/by…,要找到真正的主语。

　　(五)格

　　1.代词主格可用做主语：I, you, she, he, it , we, they , who

　　2.代词宾格用作宾语：me, you, him , her, it, us, them, whom

　　3.所有格：my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our ,ours, their(常考), theirs, whose

　　4.重要考点：

　　(1)代词在句子主语的位置上，通常会被认为指代与其平行句子的主语。

　　EG: Supernovas destroy their immediate environments in vast explosions, BUT by synthesizing heavy chemical elements, THEY provide the universe with the possibility of biochemistry-based life as we know it.

　　(2)一般所有格代词只能指代所有格名词，不能指代主格和宾格。

　　EG: Wrong: The board is investigating several executives' compensation packages in order to

　　determine how much may have been improperly awarded to THEM.

　　Right: The board is investigating the compensation packages of several executives in order to determine how much THESE EXECUTIVES may have been improperly awarded.

　　Right: The board is investigating the compensation packages of several executives in order to determine how much THEY may have been improperly awarded.

　　(3)which，that 只能指代物，只有who, whom 才能指代人

　　(4)同一个句子中，it/its指代同一个物，they/them/their指代同一批人

　　(六)几个要点

　　1.this, that, these, those 在句子中不能裸奔，必须用作this/that/those/these+n 的结构才能做代词使用，而这个名词则是能体现先行词性质的词。(this, those, that and these are never

　　used as a stand-alone pronoun without a noun following)

　　EG：New”nano-papers” incorporate fibers that give THESE MATERIALS strength,

　　2.that或those可以表明一个新的copy关于先行词的,避免重复。

　　EG: The money spent by her parents is more than that spent by her children.

　　3.that或those 表明新copy 的时候一定前后完全一致(包括单复数)，否则需要重复先行词。

　　EG：Her company is outperforming those of her competitors. 错，those与company不一致，应将those替换为companies.

　　以上网为大家分享的Manhattan语法中文笔记之代词，对在GMAT语法中常见的指示代词出现的情况为大家进行了说明，希望能够对大家有帮助。