Manhattan语法中文笔记之主谓一致!本文
每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语(动词)，且主语和谓语要一致。
(一)连词开头的句子一定要有主句，否则是错误的。
EG: Because the dog was never mine. 错误，缺乏一个主句
(二)主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理,比如抽象名词不能行走和说话，且主语和谓语在单复数上要一致。当不清楚主语是否应该是单数/复数的时候，看宾语，想造成这个宾语的主语是什么样的
EG: × The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. (development不能够不加油就跑几百miles)
e.g. The discovery of new medicines (was/were) vital to the company's growth.
若不知道主语是否单复，就想是什么造成公司的上涨。肯定是一件事。所以是单数
(三)容易引起主语不明显的两个情况
1. 插入语：在主语和谓语之间插入一些说明的成分
介宾短语(of,/for by,/in,/with/,at,/to,/on,/from 后面的词不是主语可以忽略)
e.g. Near Galway, the houses on the road to Spiddle is/are gorgeous.
(NEAR Galway), the HOUSES (ON the road TO Spiddle )ARE gorgeous.
2.前置短语：在主语之前放一些修饰成分
EG: (when the auditors left), the executive (who had been interviewed) was glad.
说明：从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分，类似大形容词，大名词或大副词
3.某些动词-ing形势做形容词，或者动词-ed做形容词，或者用逗号来隔开的，来修饰主语的，可以忽略，
e.g. (Limping, )the horse (once considered one of the favorites) was/were taken away.
4.一个句子中有多个动词和主语的，要找好对应关系，再判断单复数。
(四)and 和表示连接的词
1. and 连接几个不同的名词的时候构成复数结构，谓语动词要用复数。
2.其他连接性的词(along with, in addition to, as well as, together with, including)虽然也表达“and”的意思，但是连接不同的名词，只是起着修饰的作用，不会改变主语的单复数，不影响谓语动词。
e.g. Joe, as well as his friends, IS going to the beach.
Mathematics, in addition to history and science, IS a required subject.
3. 一些表示学科的词(physics, mathematics)、一些活动-有氧运动(aerobics)和一些疾病-糖尿病(diabetes)
虽然以S结尾，仍属于单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
注：有且只有“and”可以将单数主语改编成复数主语。其他添加伴随连接词(如2所示)的单数主语，依然是单数主语。
(五)either or, neither nor
1. 就近原则：离谓语动词近的是单数，谓语动词就用单数;复数就用复数
EG: Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach.
Neither the players nor the coach IS going to the beach.
2. 若仅仅只有either or neither, 没有or 、nor，则谓语动词一定要用单数
(六)集合性名词：在GMAT中一般被认为是单数名词，看做一个整体，跟单数谓语
People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd (群众)orchestra(乐队), team
Items: baggage, citrus(橙类), equipment(设备), fleet(舰队/小河), fruit, furniture(家具)
e.g. The CROWD in the stands IS cheering loudly as the home TEAM TAKES the field.
Our ARMY of a hundred thousand soldiers IS attacking the enemy.
(七)非限制性的代词，一般用单数
Anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, every, someone, somebody,
something, everyone, everybody,everything,whatever, whoever,either…or..;neither…nor..
**特殊情况，如果遇到“SANAM”需要根据后面的“OF的介宾短语”中的名词内容确定谓语的单复数******
1.Some, 谓语单复数，取决于SOME后面的词的单复数。需要看介宾短语词!
EG: Some of the money was stolen from my wallet.
Some of the documents were stolen from the bank.
2.any, none, 谓语一定是单数。
其中，not one 永远是单数
e.g. Not one of my friends IS here this weekend.
3.all ,more/most, part,half,谓语要看后面的介宾短语中的名词单复数。
(八)each & every 两个词如果放在复数主语之前用复数，复数主语之后用单数
EG: every dog and cat has paws. They each are great tennis players.
(九)量词
A number of +复数主语+复数谓语(a number of 可以看成是some/many)
The number of +复数/单数主语+单数谓语
Majority(多数), minority(少数民族/少数), and plurality(多数)
则这些词既可以是单数也可以是复数 根据其修饰的主语(of 后面的词)决定其单复数。通常表示一个大群体的一部分时，用复数。
(十)短语或者从句：用单数
1. -ing的短语做主语，用单数
Having good friends ]S a wonderful thing.
2.从句做主语，用单数
Whatever they want to do IS fine with me.
3.注意：当判断倒装句的单复数，要看谓语动词后名词(主语)的单复数
EG: near those buildings sits a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.
定语从句内结构最好不用倒装
OG 68： sth that be…,当前面的sth做主语的时候， that be一般要省略，否则不符合英文表达习惯;另外，诸如evidence之类的词，后面要跟that从句。
(十一)倒装：主语的单复数向后看
1. Wrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.
Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters.
2. Wrong: There IS a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.
Flip it! A young man and an older woman ARE there at the bus stop.
Right: There ARE a young man and an older woman at the bus stop.
3. Uncertain: Pong is a classic game from which have/has descended many current computer
pastimes.
Flip it! Pong is a classic game from which many current computer pastimes HAVE descended.
Right: Pong is a classic game from which HAVE descended many current computer pastimes.
12th Edition: 2, 5, 13, 27, 45, 60, 66, 68, 78, 84, D41
Verbal Review: 8, 16,24,34,35,59,77 OR 2nd Edition: 10, 11, 14,20,34,35,65
(十二)当不能确定是否是单复数时候，大多是单数。(当GMAT迷惑我们的时候，大都是单数)
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