Theme:honest
Thesis:Honest is the best policy.(诚实是上策)
Subject:Watergate scandal(水门丑闻)
Detail:
Watergate scandal initiated a prolonged crisis of confidence and renewed public cynicism toward a government that had systematically lied to the people and violated their civil liberties. A 1974 poll asked people how much faith they had in the executive branch of government. Only 14 percent answered “a great deal”; 43 percent said “hardly any.” Restoring credibility and respect became the primary challenge facing Nixon’s successors. Unfortunately, a new array of economic and foreign crisis would make that task doubly difficult.
Sometimes it is necessary, and even desirable, for public leaders to withhold information from the public in order to further the public’s ultimate interests, in the sense that fully disclosing to the public certain types of information would threaten public safety and perhaps even national security. For example, if the President were to disclose the government’s strategies for thwarting specific plans of an international terrorist or a drug, those strategies would surely fail, and the public’s health and safety would be compromised as a result. Withholding information might also be necessary to avoid public panic. During the first few hours of the new millennium the U.S. Pentagon’s missile defense system experienced a Y2K-related malfunction. This fact was withheld form the public until later in the day, once the problem had been solved, since immediate disclosure would have served no useful purpose and might even have resulted in mass hysteria.
水门事件引发了一场旷日持久的信任危机，对一个有计划地对人民撒谎并侵犯公民自由的政府重新激起了公众的冷嘲热讽。1974年的一项民意调查询问人们，他们对政府行政部门有多大的信心。只有14%的人回答“很多”;43%的人说“几乎没有”。恢复信誉和尊重是尼克松继任者面临的主要挑战。不幸的是，一系列新的经济和外交危机将使这项任务加倍困难。
有时，为了进一步提高公众的最终利益，公众领袖们为了进一步提高公众的最终利益，甚至是必要的，甚至是可取的。在这种意义上，公开某些特定类型的信息会威胁公共安全，。例如，如果总统要披露政府挫败国际恐怖分子或毒品的具体计划的策略，这些策略肯定会失败，而公众的健康和安全也会因此受到损害。为了避免公众恐慌，也可能需要隐瞒信息。在新千年的前几个小时，。这一事实直到今天晚些时候才被公开，一旦问题得到解决，因为立即披露将没有任何有用的目的，甚至可能导致大规模的歇斯底里。
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