新SAT考试改革之后，出现了分析性写作，也就是提供一段文章，要求同学们先对文章进行分析，然后再写作。下面就是今天
这位女性作者SitaSlavov是the American Enterprise Institute的一位访问学者，作者认为通过对碳排放收税是比禁止一些类型的真空吸尘器的使用更好的策略。
写作原文：
Starting in September, the European Union will ban vacuum cleaners using more than 1,600 watts of power, with the limit slated to be lowered to 900 watts by 2017. This ban won't just affect a handful of the worst offenders. According to the European Commission, the average vacuum cleaner sold today uses 1,800 watts.
Intended largely to reduce carbon emissions, the vacuum cleaner ban joins numerous other regulations throughout the world that severely restrict consumers' choices. Want an incandescent light bulb? Too bad – they're banned. How about a gas guzzling car? Sorry – they're being squeezed out by tighter fuel economy standards.
Rules like these rub many people the wrong way because they represent government intrusion into even the most minute of personal decisions. Do we really want the government telling us what kind of vacuum cleaner or light bulb to buy? Don't policy makers have better things to think about? Backers of such regulations counter that, when people buy powerful vacuum cleaners and incandescent bulbs, they don't take into account the spillover costs they impose on others by contributing to climate change.
Fortunately, there's a better solution. A carbon tax – set to reflect the spillover costs of carbon emissions – would eliminate the need to micromanage the kinds of vacuum cleaners and light bulbs that people can buy. Instead, the tax would provide consumers with an incentive to act in a socially responsible manner by ensuring that those who operate such products pick up the tab for the climate harm they cause.
The main advantage of the carbon tax is that it leaves consumers free to decide whether to buy energy-efficient vacuum cleaners and light bulbs or whether to reduce their carbon footprint in other ways. That's a big improvement over the regulatory approach because individual consumers are in a better position than government bureaucrats to figure out the least painful way to reduce their contribution to climate change.
A carbon tax is also better targeted than vacuum cleaner bans and other regulations. Some critics of the EU's new rule claim that consumers will need to run their less powerful vacuum cleaners for longer periods of time to achieve their desired level of cleanliness, which might actually increase the amount of electricity they use. Similarly, improving fuel economy through tighter standards may increase the amount of driving that people do. These "rebound effects" might not be big enough to actually cause a net increase in emissions, but they still reduce the effectiveness of the regulations.
A carbon tax avoids these problems by directly targeting the real culprit – carbon. Under a carbon tax, there's an incentive to cut back on carbon emissions along every dimension. In other words, because tax payments are in line with actual emissions, a Prius owner who drives a lot could very well pay more than an SUV owner who hardly ever drives.
Economists of all political stripes agree on these points. In a 2011 poll of leading academic economists representing a variety of demographic backgrounds and political views, 90 percent agreed with the statement: "A tax on the carbon content of fuels would be a less expensive way to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions than would a collection of policies such as 'corporate average fuel economy' requirements for automobiles." There's no doubt that economic advisers offer similar advice when policy makers consider regulations like the vacuum cleaner ban. Unfortunately, these misguided policies often turn out to be more politically feasible than a carbon tax.
That may change going forward, however. As policy makers look to trim budgets and find additional sources of revenue, a carbon tax could represent a good compromise between conservatives and liberals – a way to address climate change while protecting consumer freedom and raising revenue that can be used to lower other taxes.
这篇文章可以分析的重点：
1、可以从证据方面分析：比如“According to the European Commission, the average vacuum cleaner sold today uses 1,800 watts.”“In a 2011 poll of leading academic economists representing a variety of demographic backgrounds and political views, 90 percent agreed with the statement: "A tax on the carbon content of fuels would be a less expensive way to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions than would a collection of policies such as 'corporate average fuel economy' requirements for automobiles." 这些官方和权威的证据证明了：实施禁止真空吸尘器政这样的政策的危害，以及采用征税的方式的好处。
2、可以从reasoning方面分析：文章在5、6、7、8段分别分析解释了禁止某些真空吸尘器使用的坏处和采用税收政策的好处，比如：给消费者更多的选择的自由和权利;更能针对性地解决“碳”排放的问题;这样的措施更加的less expensive; 以及政府也能够从税收中获益。这样多角度多方面的理由对比分析，加强了作者观点的说服力。
3、还可以从rhetorical devices角度分析：本文最为突出使用的修辞策略是rhetorical questions, 比如：“Want an incandescent light bulb? Too bad – they're banned. How about a gas guzzling car? Sorry – they're being squeezed out by tighter fuel economy standards.Do we really want the government telling us what kind of vacuum cleaner or light bulb to buy? Don't policy makers have better things to think about?”这样大量的问句的使用是为了凸显了政府使用禁止真空吸尘器的不合理性。同学们还可以从讽刺irony、抒情appeal to emotion、一些特殊的措词diction, 以及让步(concession)思维的角度来分析作者的写作修辞策略。
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