雅思写作考试必知的文化背景知识整理
在雅思写作考试中我们经常会看到一些与文化及旅游相关的话题，多了解这方面的背景知识，在考试题型还有思维方式上，对同学们的写作是有很大帮助的。下面我们一起来看详细的内容介绍吧!
雅思写作：必知的文化背景
旅游的发展，一定会带来全球文化的交流，人与人之间的频繁沟通。走出去，引进来，向往远方，心心念念。同时，也会发现互相有排斥有抵触有误解。所以今天我们来说一说关于民族文化的事儿。
同样的，还是从雅思考试话题说开去：
1. Some people think visitors to other countries should imitate local customers and behaviours. Some people disagree; they think the host country should welcome cultural differences. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2. Some people think that people moving to a new country should accept new culture in the foreign country rather than living as a separate minority group with different lifestyle. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Multi-cultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4. International travel sometimes makes people more prejudiced rather than board-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people’s understanding of the countries they visit?
对于去国外旅游，或者是求学，都会遇到类似的困惑，就是“保持个性还是尊重大众”?
我想聪明的人都知道，太具有个性，到最后只会遍体鳞伤，一味地听从大众建议，那么，最后就失去自我，行尸走肉。
所以，保持个性显然很重要：
1. 从旅游本身的定义出发(记得一直有这样一种说法，说旅游是从自己熟悉的地方到自己不熟悉的地方去，也就是为了三个字“新鲜感”)：Tourism is a manifestation of the human desire for variety and exploration, through which tourists gain first-hand experience of exotic cultures that are intriguingly different from their own.所以，保持个性就是希望能在旅游或求学过程中，更多的去欣赏与自己国家不同的文化，感受另类的文化气息。“It would be hard to imagine how much pleasure and excitement would be lost if all cultural and behavioural differences between hosts and guests were eliminated.
2. 从现实角度出发，出去旅游可不是为了花昂贵的机票钱去学一趟文化体验课的呀!The practicality of all tourists adopting the local customs and behavior is also questionable. Clearly, not all tourists would be willing to turn an expensive trip primarily intended for pleasure into a cultural lesson that requires much effort to learn.
3. 保持个性，体现了自我文化的认同，而不是被另一个主流文化给同化。最明显的一个例子就是，尽管我们一直在学英语，也去英语国家留学旅游，但是我们依然热爱汉语，依然说汉语。Few of us deem English superior to Chinese. No one will forgo Chinese and concentrate on English only. In fact, we use Chinese all the time among ourselves. Besides, if need be, one is totally capable of being bilingual. Many people in Northern Europe are bilingual and even multilingual. Actually, learning a foreign language helps one to appreciate his or her native tongue. Without comparison, many of us would never see the beauty and uniqueness of Chinese.自我文化的认可，还有很多方面，但是要明白，不要盲目去坚持传统文化There is no need to blindly stick to traditional culture, whatever is outdated or obsolete needs to go. After all, culture is and should not be static; it is constantly changing even without outside influence.
但是，我们也要尊重大众和当地风俗与行为：It is still necessary for tourists to conform to local customs and behaviors to some extent because that helps them avoid inconveniences and conflicts during their trips. 大家都知道很必要，但是只能写“很必要”，具体的例子需要好好的积累一下：For example, Asian tourists would be spared the embarrassment of upsetting their servers if they follow the custom of tipping in an American restaurant. Likewise, Western travelers can avoid being obtrusive if they remain calm and solemn while visiting a place of worship in Asia.
就如同刚刚说的，取其精华去其糟粕，其实也有利于自我文化的更新与传承。Moreover, efforts to adopt the local customs and behaviors allow foreign tourists to better appreciate and identify with the local cultural heritage such as etiquette for rituals and folklore.
我们之所以变得越来越狭隘，是因为不同的风俗不同的习惯不同的语言，导致的误解。把尊重当地风俗的好处反过来写。怎么做来改善对当地的印象呢，那就是学好语言学会尊重。互相尊重才有乐趣。
所以，在写作过程中，素材的整理都跟平时的积累有很大关系。像这个旅游文化类话题，烤鸭们在课下的时候应该多去了解一些相关的背景知识。在这里也跟大家做一些补充。
众所周知，美国是一个大熔炉，包含了各种各样的种族和民族。所以，这个国家内的种族情感也是极其复杂的。其中有一个片段就是关于美籍日裔的。
日本向海外移民始于明治维新第一年，即1868年。有148名合同工从日本驶往夏威夷。后来日本人和夏威夷之间互相不满，就如同我们之前涉及的，你刚刚去到一个新的地方，难免会遭致排挤，所以后来日本政府出面干涉，当即遣送一批人回国，并在其后需多年内都规定不准其他日本人去夏威夷。但是后来1885年，日本经济状况实在严峻，迫使日本重新考虑是否要接触对夏威夷移民的禁令，次年，夏威夷和日本达成协议，允许日本继续向夏威夷移民。之后有好些日本人都迁移到了美国，从事不同的行业，从最初的农业种植到后来的开小餐馆做小买卖。这些人在日本，既不是最穷的也不是最富有的，都是一些雄心勃勃的年轻人，他们条件有限，出身农民。他们能让家长或村上有名望的人当担保人，并同意支付他们的旅行费用。他们到了美国后，加倍偿还债务。勤勤恳恳，艰苦朴素。这一点，其实所有刚刚移民到美国的异国人，都有体现，包括华人。
所以在美国社会当中，日裔干得多报酬少，但是还是干得多。正如我们常说的，最大的有点导致了最大的缺点。正是因为如此，美国人才起来反抗日裔。这种现象也出现过在华裔身上。反反复复，最终还是在美国扎了根。这些在美国扎根的日本家庭，依然保留了其良好的特质，比如勤恳，彬彬有礼，循规蹈矩。他们的孩子成绩优异，尽管他们的父母并不说英语，但是他们却非常精通英语。这也是导致了之后的第二代，第三代移民通常认为自己是美国人，而并非日本人，也就是我们通常说的文化认同消失了。在二战期间，日本第二代和三代移民中一些极其彪悍的青壮年们，代表美国去欧洲战场作战，甚至也愿意代表美国与日本作战。
了解这些背景不仅仅能够帮助写作，也能为雅思阅读做一些必要的背景补充。比如雅思阅读常考的话题，有移民历史，移民对全球气候的影响，日本的数学成就等等。所以在课下去适当的吸收这些背景，还是对做题思路和写作素材的积累都有好处。
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