Issue
45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
备考建议:分析题目,写出英文框架:开头、正文所有段落的主题句。开头要形成固定模式。
参考分析(来自万炜老师):
坏处:竞争带来心理压力+影响同学关系+偏离教育目的(孩子成为考试机器)+对于低年级学生的兴趣及信心的打击
好处:提供学习的动力,而且在一定程度上,合理的grades设置能够反映出学生的学习能力(class participation, presentation, exams, homework…)
社会毕竟需要评判机制,公正性(高年级需要这样的标准)
Argument
56. The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of marketing at Dura-Sock, Inc.
"A recent study of our customers suggests that our company is wasting the money it spends on its patented Endure manufacturing process, which ensures that our socks are strong enough to last for two years. We have always advertised our use of the Endure process, but the new study shows that despite our socks' durability, our average customer actually purchases new Dura-Socks every three months. Furthermore, our customers surveyed in our largest market, northeastern United States cities, say that they most value Dura-Socks' stylish appearance and availability in many colors. These findings suggest that we can increase our profits by discontinuing use of the Endure manufacturing process."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
备考建议:平时画逻辑链时,可以每看到作者提供一些条件或例子时就思考他得到的最直接的结论(通常不会明说)以及暗含假设。建议把逻辑错误写成环环相扣,不要看到一条逻辑错误写一条,会显得很散。
参考分析(来自万炜老师):
步骤:消费者每三个月买一双 → 不管耐不耐久人们都会买
假设:短期更换袜子就说明不在意耐久
反例:喜欢耐久才买新的,买来送亲朋好友
证据:……
步骤:东北部的调查 → 人们不在意耐久,在意的是颜色和样式
假设:调查有代表性
反例:是在商场调查的,基本都是女孩子在购物,普遍比较在意款式,但是真正穿袜子的人可能非常在意耐久。
证据:调查对象
步骤:东北部的人不在意耐久 → 全国都不在意耐久
假设:全国各地的人倾向一致
反例:东北部的人比较潮,更在意外表;但是其它地方,西部大农场的人就在意实用
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