为了帮助大家更好的备考
1. The following appeared in an article in the Grandview Beacon.
"For many years the city of Grandview has provided annual funding for the Grandview Symphony. Last year, however, private contributions to the symphony increased by 200 percent and attendance at the symphony's concerts-in-the-park series doubled. The symphony has also announced an increase in ticket prices for next year. Given such developments, some city commissioners argue that the symphony can now be fully self-supporting, and they recommend that funding for the symphony be eliminated from next year's budget."
下面这段文字出自Grandview Beacon上的一篇文章。
多年来Grandview市每年都自主Grandview交响乐团。但是，去年私人捐助增加了200%，乐队的公园系列音乐会的观众人数翻了一番。乐队还宣布明年的票价将会提高。基于以上发展，一些政府委员认为乐团现在已经能够自力更生，因此他们建议明年预算将去除给乐团的资助。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
2. The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
"In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system."
下面这段文字出自一家大型医院集团总裁的备忘录。
在一次对于抗菌洗手液的实验研究中，UltraClean浓缩液比我们医院现在使用的洗手液多杀灭40%的细菌。在我们Workby的医院随后所作的对UltraClean的测试中，该医院上报的患者感染数量显著少于我们集团的其他医院。因此，为防止严重的患者感染，我们应该在我们的医院系统所有的洗手站提供UltraClean。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
3. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Parkville Daily newspaper.
"Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports, over 40,000 of these young players suffered injuries. When interviewed for a recent study, youth-league soccer players in several major cities also reported psychological pressure exerted by coaches and parents to win games. Furthermore, education experts say that long practice sessions for these sports take away time that could be used for academic activities. Since the disadvantages outweigh any advantages, we in Parkville should discontinue organized athletic competition for children under nine."
下面这段文字出自写给Parkville Daily编辑的一封信。
去年在全国范围内，随着越来越多的9岁以下儿童参加少年体育比赛，有超过40000的少年选手受伤。在最近一次研究所作的采访中，很多大城市的少年足球选手说存在来自教练和家长要求赢得比赛的心理压力。而且，教育专家指出这些运动项目长时间的训练占据了本应用于学习的时间。由于不利因素明显超过了有利因素，我们Parkville应该停止组织9岁以下儿童的体育比赛。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
4. Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures made on Kali Island but have long wondered how Kalinese artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic precision. Since archaeologists have recently discovered molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese miniature statues were abstract and entirely different in style: molds could be used only for life-size sculptures. It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting tools have been found. In light of this discovery, collectors predict that the life-size sculptures will decrease in value while the miniatures increase in value.
收藏家很欣赏Kali岛出产的古代等身泥土雕像，但长期以来不清楚Kali的艺术家如何能够以如此高的精确度刻画人体。由于考古学家最近在Kali发现了人类头部和手的模具，我们现在可以得出结论：古代Kali艺术家使用真人的模子，而不是雕刻工具和技艺来塑造这些雕像。这一发现解释了为什么Kali的缩微雕像是抽象的而且风格迥异：模子只能被用于等身雕像。它同样也解释了为什么很少发现Kali的雕刻工具。由于有了这一研究进展，收藏家应预见到等身雕像的贬值以及缩微雕像的升值。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
5. When Stanley Park first opened, it was the largest, most heavily used public park in town. It is still the largest park, but it is no longer heavily used. Video cameras mounted in the park's parking lots last month revealed the park's drop in popularity: the recordings showed an average of only 50 cars per day. In contrast, tiny Carlton Park in the heart of the business district is visited by more than 150 people on a typical weekday. An obvious difference is that Carlton Park, unlike Stanley Park, provides ample seating. Thus, if Stanley Park is ever to be as popular with our citizens as Carlton Park, the town will obviously need to provide more benches, thereby converting some of the unused open areas into spaces suitable for socializing.
当Stanley公园第一次开放的时候，它是本市最大，使用频率最高的公园。现在它仍是最大的，但使用频率已经不再高了。上个月在公园停车场架设的摄像机发现公园的受欢迎度下降了：录像显示平均每天只有50辆车。与之相比，位于商业区中心地带的Carlton小公园在工作日每天游客超过150人。一个很明显的差异就是Carlton公园与Stanley公园不同，它提供充足的座椅。因此，如果Stanley公园想要和Carlton获得同等的受欢迎度的话，显然应该提供更多的长椅，从而把一些未加利用的开阔地转化成适于人们交往的空间。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.