Issue和Argument是构成
1. The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.
"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a 500-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read would cost Acme only $500 per employee—a small price to pay when you consider the benefits. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, Acme would benefit greatly by requiring all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."
下面是Acme Publishing Company人力资源经理写给总裁的建议。
很多其他公司最近指出他们的员工参加了Easy Read的速读课程之后工作效率显著提高。这个课程的一名毕业生能够在两个小时之内读完长达500页的报告，另一名毕业生在一年内从助理经理升到了副总裁。显然，你的阅读速度越快，在一天之内所能吸收的信息量就越大。而且，Easy Read的学费只有每人500元，相对于它给Acme带来的效益是个小数目。这个费用包括在Spruce City举行的为期三周的研讨会和Easy Read新闻刊物的终生赠阅。显然，为了提高工作效率，Acme应该要求所有员工参加Easy Read的课程。
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
2. The following is a recommendation from the personnel director to the president of Acme Publishing Company.
"Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course has greatly improved productivity. One graduate of the course was able to read a 500-page report in only two hours; another graduate rose from an assistant manager to vice president of the company in under a year. Obviously, the faster you can read, the more information you can absorb in a single workday. Moreover, Easy Read would cost Acme only $500 per employee—a small price to pay when you consider the benefits. Included in this fee is a three-week seminar in Spruce City and a lifelong subscription to the Easy Read newsletter. Clearly, to improve overall productivity, Acme should require all of our employees to take the Easy Read course."
下面是Acme Publishing Company人力资源经理写给总裁的建议。
很多其他公司最近指出他们的员工参加了Easy Read的速读课程之后生产效率显著提高。这个课程的一名毕业生能够在两个小时之内读完长达500页的报告，另一名毕业生在一年内从助理经理升到了副总裁。显然，你的阅读速度越快，在一天之内所能吸收的信息量就越大。而且，Easy Read的学费只有每人500元，相对于它给Acme带来的效益是个小数目。这个费用包括在Spruce City举行的为期三周的研讨会和Easy Read新闻刊物的终生赠阅。显然，为了提高工作效率，Acme应该要求所有员工参加Easy Read的课程。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
3. The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.
"One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further."
下面这段文字出自Sunnyside Towers apartment complex所有者给它的管理者的一封信。
一个月前，Sunnyside塔楼一至三层所有淋浴喷头的水压被调节成只有以前的大约三分之一。尽管在调节之后用水量的确切数据还没有出来，但这种变革显然将为Sunnyside公司节省大量的花费，因为公司必须每月付水费。除了关于低水压的几起投诉，在调节之后没有关于淋浴喷头问题的报告。显然，在Sunnyside塔楼所有的12层都限制水压将极大增加我们的利润。
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
4. The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.
"Last week, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further."
下面这段文字出自Sunnyside Towers apartment complex所有者给它的管理者的一封信。
上周，Sunnyside塔楼一至三层所有淋浴喷头的水压被调节成只有以前的大约三分之一。尽管在调节之后用水量的确切数据还没有出来，但这种变革显然将为Sunnyside公司节省大量的花费，因为公司必须每月付水费。除了关于低水压的几起投诉，在调节之后没有关于淋浴喷头问题的报告。显然，在Sunnyside塔楼所有的12层都限制水压将进一步增加我们的利润。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
5. The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants.
"Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have filed a formal complaint, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, to avoid the expense of purchasing butter, the Happy Pancake House should extend this cost-saving change to its restaurants throughout the rest of the country."
下面这段文字节选自Happy Pancake House经理的备忘录。
Happy Pancake House在美国西南部的餐厅用人造黄油代替了天然黄油。只有大约2%的顾客曾经投诉，这说明100个人中有98人对于这种替换是乐于接受的。而且，很多服务生说很多要了天然黄油的顾客在被给予人造黄油的时候并没有投诉。显然，这些顾客要么分不清天然黄油和人造黄油，要么是用"天然黄油"这个词汇来指天然黄油或人造黄油。因此，为避免购买天然黄油的花费，Happy Pancake House应该把这项节省措施推广到全国其他地区的餐厅。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.