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关联词和广义的关联成分，经过
对一个论点而言，论证的方式是分角度;但不是所有论点都可以分角度，那些不容易分角度的，论点按照其自身潜在包含的内容展开，由此有差异、正、反三类关系，每种关系的论证都相对模式化。这样，我们就可以懂得文章每句话在论证上的作用，无须完全依赖对文章各句所涉专业知识的了解。下面以例为证。
Paule Marshall"s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman"s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine"s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970"s.
该文共 5 句。第一句说 PM 的书是里程碑，这是一个出现在段落前场的正评价，就是文章的主题。下面就是要展开这个主题。为此并不需要知道它是什么方面的里程碑，因为就其是里程碑而言，肯定是与前，也与后比较，才有这个地位，所以单讲这本书本身是不够的。这是它本身在内容上所蕴涵的，后面必须把它展开。于是，文章后面内容一定先讲她之前如何，再讲她本身如何，最后讲她之后如何。内容上看就是，此前文字的模式，她的改变，她的影响。
这个思考过程，开始可以花费时间，但一旦想到，对所有写里程碑式意义的段落，其论证模式都是如此，我们就可以明白，结构模式，不依赖在这个结构下得到论述的种种题材，原来是可以帮助我们预测下文的。此外，此句考主题题;一般的，文章只要主题出现明显，考的可能性非常大，并且选项设计也在名词的选择上具有迷惑性。