Arg-77
The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell:
"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."
In this memo, Hopewell's mayor recommends the construction of a gold course in order to stimulate the town's economy and boost tax revenues. To support this recommendation the mayor points out that in Ocean View during the last two years tourism has increased, new businesses have opened, and tax revenues have increased by 30%. The mayor’s reasoning, while sound, has led him to make a rather unconvincing argument.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument开头段结构，即：C – E - F的开头结构，首句概括原文的C(Conclusion)。接下来的一句话概括了原文为了支持他的结论所引用的E(Evidence)。最后尾句中给出开头段到正文段的过渡句，指出原文在逻辑上存在F(Flaw)。
【此段功能】
本段作为Argument开头段，具体功能就在发起攻击。首先，概括原文的结论： Hopewell(简称H)市市长推荐通过建设golf course来促进当地经济和税收。接下来分别列举了原文为了支持这个结论引用的证据：Ocean View(简称OV)在过去两年游客数增加，新企业产生，税收上涨30%。论据的归纳用于铺垫出正文段的具体攻击。最后点出原文存在逻辑错误，引出后面的分析。
First of all, it is possible that the mayor has confused cause with effect in respect to the recent economic developments in Ocean View. Perhaps Ocean View's construction of a new golf course and hotel was a response to increases in tourism and business development. Since the mayor has failed to account for this possibility, the claim that Hopewell would boost its economy by also constructing a golf course and hotel is completely unwarranted.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第一个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【此段功能】
本段作为正文第一段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：错误因果。作者认为原文中关于OV经济增长的原因的说法是本末倒置的。为此，作者提出了其他可能性反驳原文：可能由于OV游客数量增加以及经济增长造成的golf course和hotel的增加。如果不能忽略这种可能性，那么原文关于建设golf course和hotel来促进经济的建议是不合理的。
Secondly, the mayor fails to account for other possible causes of the trends in Ocean View during the last two years. The increase in tourism might have been due to improving economic conditions nationwide, or to unusually pleasant weather in the region. The new businesses that have opened in Ocean View might have opened there irrespective of the new golf course and hotel. And, the 30% increase in tax revenues might have been the result of other tax increases. Without ruling out these and other alternative explanations for the three recent trends in Ocean View, the mayor cannot reasonably infer, based on those trends, that Hopewell's economy would benefit by following Ocean View's example.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第二个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【此段功能】
本段作为正文第二段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：因果错误(忽略他因)。作者认为原文忽略了其他可能造成OV发展的原因。进一步，作者提出其他可能性：旅游业的增加可能由于全国经济的改善，或者当地的pleasant weather，而new business也许与golf course和hotel无关，30%的税收上涨可能由于其他原因。
Thirdly, for the sake of argument, lets assume that recent trends in Ocean View are attributable to the construction of the new golf course and hotel there. Even still, the mayor assumes too hastily that the golf course and hotel will continue to benefit that town's overall economy. The mayor has not accounted for the possibility that increased tourism will begin to drive residents away during tourist season, or that new business development will result in the town's losing its appeal as a place to visit or to live. That is, two years is quite a short time to be using as a sample. Unless the mayor can convince that these scenarios are unlikely one should not so readily accept the recommendation.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第三个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【此段功能】
本段作为正文第三段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：时间类错误。作者即使golf course和hotel可以促进OV经济，但这种趋势未必会continue。接下来。作者提出了后来可能发生的一系列事情来反驳原文中的论断。可能tourism会使resident在旅游季离开，或者new business会使旅游业失去吸引力。最后，作者提出，两年的时间作为论据还是太短了。
Finally, the mayor's argument rests on the unsubstantiated assumption that Hopewell and Ocean View are sufficiently alike such to the extent that by following the same plan, the same results will come to fruition. Hopewell might lack the sort of natural environment that would attract more tourists and new businesses to the town regardless of its new golf course and hotel. For that matter, perhaps Hopewell already contains several resort hotels and golf courses that are not utilized to their capacity. If so, building yet another golf course and hotel might amount to a misallocation of the town's resources, which would actually harm the town's overall economy.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument正文段结构，即：概括第四个逻辑错误的错误类型和原文犯错位置，接下来给出合理的理由和他因来反驳原文。
【此段功能】
本段作为正文第四段，攻击文章犯的主要逻辑错误：错误类比。作者认为，H地采取相同的措施未必会得到与OV一样的效果。进一步，作者给出其他可能性：可能H缺少吸引游客和tourism的natural environment，导致它的hotel和golf course对游客没有吸引力，无法促进H地经济发展。
In sum, the mayor's recommendation is not well supported. To bolster argument the mayor must provide better evidence that Ocean View's new golf course and hotel, and not some other phenomenon, has been responsible for boosting Ocean View's economy during the last two years. Also, to better assess the recommendation, an audience would need to know why Ocean View decided to construct its new golf course and hotel in the first place (specifically what events prior to construction might have prompted that decision). One would also need to thoroughly compare Hopewell with Ocean View to determine whether the same course of action would also boost Hopewell's economy.
【此段结构】
本段采用了标准的Argument结尾段结构，即：C – S的结尾结构，首先再次重申原文的站不住脚的Conclusion，接下来给出给合理建议Suggestion。
【此段功能】
本段作为Argument结尾段，具体功能就总结归纳+建议措施，首先再次重申市长的建议不合理。接下来作者给出合理的建议：一是需要说明OV的经济繁荣是由golf course和hotel而不是其他因素促进的，二是要说明为什么OV要把建设golf course和hotel作为首要任务，三是要通过对OV和H地的彻底对比来分析H地采用相同的策略能否促进经济。结尾段的几条建议非常规整的隐射前面的几个主要错误，前后呼应，文章有力结尾，浑然一体。
满分因素剖析
一、语言表达
1. In this memo, Hopewell's mayor recommends ... .(C) To support this recommendation the mayor points out that... . (E)The mayor’s reasoning, while sound, has led him to make a rather unconvincing argument.(F)
标志性的
2. Thirdly, for the sake of argument, lets assume that... .(标志性的GRE argument论证段开头，让步语气假设前一论断不存在逻辑错误) Even still, the mayor assumes too hastily that ... (指出原文存在的另外的错误). The mayor has not accounted for the possibility that ... , or that ... . That is, two years is quite a short time to be using as a sample. (提出其他可能性来削弱原文中的论证)Unless the mayor can convince that these scenarios are unlikely one should not so readily accept the recommendation.(再次总结上文中分析的错误)
3. Finally, the mayor's argument rests on the unsubstantiated assumption that ... are sufficiently alike such to the extent that by following the same plan, the same results will come to fruition. (标志性的GRE argument论证段开头，指出原文的错误是“错误类比”)Hopewell might lack ... . For that matter, perhaps .... . If so, ... .(标志性的错误类比分析，提出两地可能存在的差异，进一步提出两地可能收获的不同结果)
二、逻辑结构
本文是非常严谨的开头段-正文段1-正文段2--正文段3-正文段4-结尾段的的六段论逻辑体系。开头段按照C-E-F的逻辑结构，顺利引出后文的分析。论证段中，从提出错误，到分析错误，到给出可能性，最后总结错误，层次清晰，衔接自然。结尾段总结全文，重申错误，给出合理化建议。这样一篇文章从开头到结尾逻辑严谨，内容清晰，圆满的完成了论证的作用。
正文段第三段开头值得借鉴
Thirdly, for the sake of argument, lets assume that recent trends in Ocean View are attributable to the construction of the new golf course and hotel there. Even still, the mayor assumes too hastily that the golf course and hotel will continue to benefit that town's overall economy.
作者在这一段用到了，让步结构，即先假设前一个论断是正确的，在这一基础上提出文章的其他错误。这样使得论证段与论证段之间内容关联性更加紧密。